AIHEEN NIMI TÄHÄN TULEE NEXT MEDIA 2010-2014 MEDIA RE N N E EX W TM IN E G DI M A ED IA THEME FINNISH NEXT MEDIA PROGRAMME 2010–2014 magazine SMALL SCREEN AESTHETICS WWW.NEXTMEDIA.FI/MAGAZINE THE BEST MEDIA EXPERIENCE FOR TABLETS HBL - A FRONTRUNNER IN DEVELOPING DIGITAL CONCEPTS DIGITAL MORNING DELIVERY SAY GOODBYE TO MAILING COSTS USER RESEARCH The daily rhythm of a digital consumer TECHNOLOGY BIG DATA serving media FUTURE Nordic Next Media Next Media internationalises DIGILE OY A FINNISH START-UP ATTEMPTS TO MAKE A BREAKTHROUGH Will E-PAPER revolutionise media? HTML5 • KEYWORDING • NewsML • AUTOMATION • 3D • DATA JOURNALISM

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THEME 18 NEXT MEDIA RENEWS THE MEDIA INDUSTRY 24 LOCAL MEDIA BECOMES A LOCAL ONLINE COMMUNITY 28 E-BOOKS BECOME AVAILABLE FOR LIBRARY LENDING 26 COMMON IDENTIFICATION AND PAYMENT FOR THE MEDIA INDUSTRY? 31 HBL ACCELERATES INTO THE DIGITAL ERA Local media is networking with readers and advertisers. The media ecosystem creates a counterweight against global application stores. TECHNOLOGY 14 WILL E-PAPER REVOLUTIONISE MEDIA? The development of e-paper has been a subject of interest for many years. Now, the technology seems to be ready. 60 BIG DATA – THE BUZZWORD IN MEDIA TOO Next Media has adapted Big Data methods to media needs. Now it's time to make use of them. 66 AUTOMATIC LAYOUT Automatic and responsive layout requires proper publication structure analysis and understanding of image content. 4 When the Next Media programme began in 2010, digital publishing activities were still in their infancy. Over the past four years, the Finnish media industry has evolved into a multichannel business utilising digital terminal devices – both on a national level and locally. A unique licensing model accepted by all players on the value chain. KSF Media, which publishes HBL, has been a pioneer in development BUSINESS 41 THE HUITTISTEN SANOMALEHTI CONCERN KNOWS THE LOCAL MARKET MEDIA EXPERIENCE 48 LOOKING FOR THE BEST MEDIA EXPERIENCE The position of local media as it competes with advertising space offered by global services is a challenging one. This Huittinen-based company has relied on systematic development work to increase its digital business. Extensive experience has helped layout professionals create solutions that produce a good media experience in print publications. Digital terminals, tablets in particular, are still so new that there hasn't been time to accumulate the necessary competence. 43 53 THE DAILY RHYTHM OF A DIGITAL CONSUMER There is no such thing as a typical digital media user or media day. Diverse studies provide new information about daily routines. Åbo Akademi University surveyed media consumption routines. ADVANCED TABLET HEURISTICS In the Next Media programme, researchers at Aalto University's School of Arts, Design and Architecture developed a method to improve the usability and visuality of new digital publications. NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

INTERNATIONALISATION MEDIA 36 NEXT INTERNATIONALISES Cooperaton in Nordic Next Media is being planned with Nordic partners. GLOBAL WITH 38 GOING NEXT MEDIA Many Next Media SMEs have started their internationalisation process in programme projects. BUSINESS 14 DELIVERY WITH 47 MORNING DIGITAL TERMINAL DEVICES Printing and postage costs are already a barrier to early morning delivery in rural areas. 56 TESTING NEW MEDIA CONCEPTS Publishers looked for new content concepts for digital terminal devices by prototyping in Next Media. 71 COMBINING MEDIA CURRENCIES There are more and more media channels available. How do they relate to one another and what is the most effective way to invest an advertising budget? TECHNOLOGY 63 EXTENSIONS TO THE NewsML STANDARD STT-Lehtikuva and Anygraaf developed a standard for exchanging planning data. 68 PORTABLE PROFILE AND RECOMMENDATION VTT's portable profile is the result of long-term development. JOURNALISM 74 AR applications in a local portal 74 HTML5 – responsivity for services GOES 64 DATAJOURNALISM MAINSTREAM OTHERS Database format data in articles gets a completely new meaning when information is combined from large information masses. 7 Editorial – Eskoensio Pipatti 6 Who's who at Next Media 79 A brief history of Next Media TEAMS 59 EDITORIAL NETWORK WITH READERS VIEWPOINTS Allowing readers to participate in content production will change editorial processes. 9 Media's new challenges IN BRIEF 13 Making development the focus 72 Automatic monitoring of media use 73 Optimal 3D-parameters 73 We test Google Glass 73 Onix describes books Petteri Putkiranta 11 Professionals in captivation Minna Nissinen Helene Juhola 35 Next Media in Digile's portfolio Pauli Kuosmanen 75 The straits of Messina are behind us! Nils Enlund Next Media results are available at www.nextmedia.? The four-year Next Media programme produced a huge amount of material: several hundred deliverables from more than 60 projects. Only a fraction of these can be presented in this magazine. More detailed information about the results is available on the Next Media website. The deliverables are mainly written in English. You can also select English as the website interface language. The results can be found under the Publications tab. NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 Research results The list begins with deliverables from each of the four years. Result bulletins (in Finnish) Result bulletins are compiled from the yearly results. They serve as introductions to the topics and have direct links to the relevant deliverables. Results seminars The last entries on the page include links to presentations from the result seminars held in different years. Some of the presentations include a video. Slides in English, spoken in Finnish. 5

PEOPLE WHO'S WHO AT NEXT MEDIA DIGILE Oy Reijo Paajanen, Chief Executive Officer, Pauli Kuosmanen, Chief Technology Officer Next Media Steering Group Pauli Kuosmanen, Digile Oy, chairman, Eskoensio Pipatti, Focus Area Director, Marko Turpeinen, EIT ICT Labs, Mari Isbom, Tekes, Masa Peura, Sanoma Media Finland, Minna Nissinen, Alma Diverso, Vesa Vainio, Tieto, Janne Saarela, Profium, Jussi Paakkari, VTT, Ari Heinonen, University of Tampere, Virpi Tuunainen, Aalto University, Marja-Leena Tuomola, Sanoma Digital Finland (2010–2011), Fernando Herrera (2011–2012), Pentti Unkuri, Tieto (2010), Minna Pellikka, Tieto (2011) Next Media Leadership Team Olli Kuusisto Eskoensio Pipatti Project Manager Focus Area Director WP 2 • VTT Sanoma Media Finland Kristiina Markkula WP 2 • Federation of the Finnish Media Industry Marko Turpeinen Academic Coordinator Santtu Parkkonen WP 3 Sanoma Media Finland Nils Enlund Academic Coordinator Caj Södergård WP 3 VTT Pirkko Oittinen Helene Juhola Media Technology, WP1, Federation of the Aalto University Finnish Media Industry Anu Kankainen Timo Saari WP 2, 2010–2011 WP 2, 2012 Helsinki Institute for Helsinki Institute for Information Technology Information Technology The editorial team of Next Media Magazine Anu Seisto WP 1 VTT Ismo Laukkanen WP 1, 2010–2012 AAC Global PUBLISHER: Digile Oy Vaisalantie 6, 02130 Espoo, Finland PRINTED AT: Hansaprint Oy, Vantaa YEAR OF PUBLICATION: 2014 Editor-in-chief Eskoensio Pipatti Managing editor Olli Kuusisto Nearly all of the people who work with Next Media have taken part in producing this magazine, not only the ones whose names are listed as writers. I would like to express my thanks for the beneficial results achieved during Next 6? Editor Katri Grenman Photo editor Janne Laine AD Harri Heikkilä LAYOUT: Harri Heikkilä, Marja Tikka ISBN 978-952-93-4030-9 (nid.) ISBN 978-952-93-4031-6 (HTML5) Media, the sharing of information in seminars, the unique cooperation and sense of community – oll of which allows Next Media to move to the international level. Thank you everyone! –Eskoensio Pipatti ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

EDITORIAL Turning Next Media into an international brand Eskoensio Pipatti Focus Area Director, Next Media Eskoensio Pipatti has a master of science degree in digital technology. He has spent the majority of his career working as an editor-in-chief of computer magazines and as a digital media services developer at Sanoma. He has been running the Next Media research programme for the past four years. ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 as it entered the 2010s, the media industry faced the greatest challenges of its history. Next Media has been a very well-timed development programme, and has done pioneering work towards creating extensive pre-competitive research cooperation in the media industry. This has been appraised and others around the world want to follow Finland's example. Other Nordic countries would like to join Next Media, and presentations on its operating model and results have been requested at several media industry conferences. The driver company in the Next Media programme has been Sanoma, Finland's largest media company. Sanoma's Finnish operations have also been an important partner in development projects. The Federation of the Finnish Media Industry, Finnmedia deserves the greatest credit for the work leading up to Next Media, the creation of the future strategy for the media and creating cooperation between companies. Finnmedia has also run the programme's most important project entities. This magazine gives you the opportunity to read about the results of Next Media in the words of the people who made them happen. All the work done in Next Media would not fit even into a thick book, to say nothing of a few articles. We've had to leave out some of the results, but browsing through the result documents on the website will give you a broader picture of all Next Media outcomes. the next media programme is a response to to the rather profound transformation that the media industry is currently undergoing. Publications are becoming services, the media experience in small digital terminals has to be rebuilt, and the customer relationship with the subscriber has to be restructured in digital distribution. Together with technology companies, Next Media has developed methods and technologies that help in this transformation and lay the foundation for creating new kinds of digital services in the future. Next Media has developed collaboration that can be considered remarkable even on an international scale. This cannot be found anywhere else. A foundation for expanding this cooperation internationally has been built at the same time. A continuation of Next Media has been planned in the form of Nordic cooperation in Nordic Next Media, where Finland, Sweden, Norway and Denmark will participate in joint development. In the future, the Nordic projects will function as basis for projects in the EU's Horizon 2020 programme. Work with the World Association of Newspapers and Newspaper Publishers (WAN-IFRA) is aimed at ensuring the position of media in this new European research framework project. on a european level, horizon 2020 has the same targets as Next Media and other Digile programmes: to refine scientific breakthroughs into innovative products and services and business opportunities. The assembling of Finnish media industry players into research projects that is taking place within the framework of Next Media provides a solid foundation, and even a cutting edge, in Nordic and European cooperation. n ?? 7

THEME 8? AIHEEN NIMI TÄHÄN TULEE ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

VIEWPOINT Media's new challenges sanoma has held the lead company role in Next Media during its four years of operation. Next Media has succeeded in creating an atmosphere of joint development and a level of pre-competitive cooperation in Finland's media industry. The objective was to improve the operating conditions in the sector by gathering experiences, best practices and existing solutions and then sharing them among all parties involved in the programme. For my part, this was realised in the form of the eReading project, which I had the pleasure to participate in from autumn 2009 onwards. the development of transformational technologies was an important element, Petteri Putkiranta, Business Director, Sanoma Media Finland Oy providing opportunities to move traditional business models to digital terminal devices. Sanoma is a pioneer in Finland in this area, both technically and business-wise. The first prototype was already in test use on the newly released iPad platform during the preliminary phase of the eReading project in spring 2010. When these devices became generally available at Christmas 2010, the first commercial iteration of the service was ready. This project marked the beginning of Helsingin Sanomat's tablet solution. Since then tablets have been an important part of Helsingin Sanomat's business model. However, simply transferring business to the digital era is not enough. Understanding the consumer's daily routine and adapting digital services to that routine will require new concepts and target group thinking. The digital era gives consumers significantly more possibilities than earlier - if HS's news isn't satisfactory, social media provides a 'newsfeed' that keeps the consumer up to date on at least some issues. media companies of any significance also work with start-up companies, either directly (M&A activity) or, for example, by means of joint activities with local incubators. Many media companies also support the development of 'internal start-ups' through various project competitions, etc. Next Media has also given companies that are starting up the chance to become familiar with the industry and its actors. The media business is is restricted in terms of language and culture. As a result, the media business is locally and globally fragmented into market areas. This is also the main Petteri Putkiranta has a master of science degree in telecommunications technology and worked for nearly 20 years in marketing positions for Nokia's network and mobile phone functions. He has handled business management tasks at Helsingin Sanomat since joining the company in 2008. reason why collaboration can have a major impact on renewal in the media industry. ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 ?? 9 That same language and cultural restriction could lead to the conclusion that media markets are national by nature. However, this is not likely the case – also the news media industry is subject to global competition. Companies compete with global players for the consumer's time and for advertising money. after next media, media industry and technology companies in Finland will need sparring partners from both the Nordic countries and mainland Europe. We are not able to move forward fast enough on our own. n

THEME 10 ? AIHEEN NIMI TÄHÄN TULEE ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

VIEWPOINT Professionals at captivating when did you last experience that tingling feeling of being utterly captivated? Do you remember when you were last fascinated by the smoothness of the service, thrilled with usability, interested in a different perspective on a familiar topic, enchanted by visual fun, treated to magical moments while immersing yourself in the unexpected twists and turns of a story, enthralled by a surprising combination of information, intoxicated by tips you received to make everyday life easier, captivated by a video, mesmerised by a home advertisement, date profile, recipe or travel tip, wanted something new that you just saw with the intensity feeling characteristic of youth, felt like a VIP because of something that takes your personal user needs into account? If you fall into this category, hopefully the Minna Nissinen Senior Vice President, Alma Diverso source of that feeling was a Finnish online service provider. The aim of the Next Media research programme (2010–2014) was to create innovations in terms of media experience, new business models, concepts and technologies. These four years of research have included countless projects, tests and pilots: praiseworthy cooperation with media companies, research institutions, the academy and technology organisations that create opportunities for media. In a manner typical to applied research, the approach centred on creating new opportunities rather than directly commercialising them. We have focused on technologies, platforms, processes, automation and tools. Captivating the customers is up to the media. the latest digital barometer 2014 study (Digile, Federation of Finnish Technology Industries, Internet Industry Finland) ranks Finland as number one in terms of prerequisites for digitalisation in a comparison of 22 countries. However, even with our unparalleled prerequisites,we are only on an average level in terms of actually utilising digital solutions. The Digital Leaders in Finland 2013 (Magenta Advisory) study reached the same conclusions. Our consumers and infra are world-class but our range of services is not. This is something we need to seriously consider. Finland is a country of engineers, self-service and efficiency. These qualities leave us standing on the sidelines like a wallflower at the digital dance. Even if someone asked us to dance,we would step on their toes and that would be the last dance. The Swedes, M.Sc. (Econ.) Minna Nissinen runs Alma Media's Digital Service and Development Unit Alma Diverso. She has had a front row seat on digitalisation of the media industry for 12 years, still enjoys a print newspaper and cup of coffee in the morning and is captivated by the opportunities presented by digitalisation on a daily basis. ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 Danes, Americans and others are grabbing all the partners. we have outstanding skills, experts and technology – and even the will – to produce top level digital services. However, now we have to put all our energy into considering how to captivate users and testing: visuality, usability, being current, personalisation, etc. and, of course, the element of surprise. Even the most captivating service needs worldclass marketing to succeed – it's impossible to captivate if nobody can find the service! Fortunately, there are top marketing experts in the various media, aren't there? After all, the entire business is based on functional advertising and marketing solutions. n ?? 11

THEME AIHEEN NIMI TÄHÄN TULEE MEDIA EXPERTISE FROM METROPOLIA Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences is an international educator and innovator in the field of information and media technology. Metropolia graduates in the field of information and media technology are skilled ICT and media professionals, who develop the information society and the business sector in a global environment. Our main areas of expertise are: Media applications and visual communications Radio & TV Mobile applications Digital communications Graphic design THE SPHERE OF MEDIA Mediatechnology Presentation technology Film production Audiovisual media and games Game applications 3D-animation and visualization Media applications and visual communications, that combine visual design, journalistic know-how, design and production of online services, mobile and network technologies, as well as a graphical technique. Core competencies are radio and television production, digital communications, media technology, mobile applications, graphic design and graphic technology. Audiovisual media and games, with a focus on the moving image and sound, 3D-graphics, game industry, audio-visual media technologies as well as theater lighting, sound and audio-visual technology. Core competencies are film production, 3D-animation and visualization, game applications, and presentation technology. Our diverse teaching and learning activities are supported by research, development and innovation (RDI) activities which we are doing in collaboration with stakeholders and companies through a variety of projects and assignments. The strengths of Metropolia in RDI are diversity, high level of expertise in different fields and practical approach to the development and improvement of products, equipment, operations, processes, and services. We apply the latest technological innovations and research results to the projects. Interested in Metropolia as a partner in media projects? Contact us at: Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences, Coordinator in RDI Anna-Maria Vilkuna , firstname.lastname @ metropolia.fi tel +358 40 334 7929 www.metropolia.fi/en 12 ? media-expertise.indd 1 ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 4.3.2014 11:44:37

11:44:37 VIEWPOINT Making development the focus next media is coming to a conclusion. The first publisher-run development programme was launched four years ago in what could in many ways be considered uncharted territory. When Next Media began, the industry still didn't fully understand the kind of upheaval that it would face during those four years. This change has been accelerated by the simultaneous development of mobile technology, economic recession, unfavourable taxation solutions, and cost pressure in distribution. In retrospect, it can be said that the development programme was perfectly timed. people often forget that this was a company-driven programme. If someone thinks that Helene Juhola Director, R&D Federation of the Finnish Media Industry results have not been obtained, they have to look in the mirror. Diverse networking and cooperation and a positive development atmosphere are the keys to achieving results and we believe that we have been successful in this respect. However, there still seems to be a lot of doubtful or even negative feelings in the industry, especially concerning long-term innovation work. After our struggle to get the Next Media programme accepted into what was then known as Tivit, where there was very little understanding of the media business and its challenges, there was significant pressure to produce a wealth of concrete results. in my opinion, achieving results is always the objective, and I haven't met very many researchers who aren't aiming for results either. The question is what are the targets and whether there is consensus concerning those targets. At times, this has been the subject of great debate. Those who made a commitment and investment will eventually receive results that can be utilised directly. The others will have to settle for indirect impacts. Of course, the importance of these results shouldn't be underestimated. For example, the new solutions developed by technology companies are already used by many companies in the sector regardless of whether they were involved in the programme or not. Helene Juhola has a master's degree in science in graphic technology. She spent most of her career working in media industry research at VTT, after which she came to Finnmedia as Director of R&D. She is also an agent with the Research Foundation for the Media Industry in Finland. She has served as president of the International Association of Research Organizations for the Information, Media and Graphic Arts Industries (IARIGAI) and played a major role in the Next Media programme. ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 Running Next Media has been a very challenging assignment. The industry doesn't have very strong traditions in project work and experimental development. A significant change has taken place in this area during Next Media. in finland, a new programme called digital first will be starting up, hopefully in late spring. The name describes the stage of development that digitalisation has to achieve during the next four years. The objectives of pioneer companies and technology players are rather challenging. Internationalisation is a strong element in the agenda. I believe that the sector has to learn to take risks and dare to put itself and its authority on the line, even when the results may not be completely clear over a period of six months. It is important to support and promote development activities in the sector and to communicate the results effectively - all the way to the highest-ranking decision-makers in the country. Innovation activities should be under the direct protection of management. Otherwise, it will be impossible for this or any other industry to deal properly with the change that is only just beginning. n ?? 13

TECHNOLOGY LIVEPAPER – trying to replace print newspapers at the breakfast table. The Finnish start-up company Leia Media is developing an e-ink display that doesn't need charging and ensures that your newspaper is up-to-date when you sit down at the breakfast table. Media companies around the world are interested in piloting Leia's LivePaper distribution. ? Eskoensio Pipatti Next Media The media industry has been following the development of e-paper for more than a decade and Amazon's Kindle, for example, has been using black and white e-paper in its reading devices for a long time. A technology that seemed promising right from the start, e-ink has now developed in terms of its colour properties and is likely to offer the opportunity to replace paper in newspaper distribution. 14 When Apple launched the iPad four years ago, many publishers thought that their dream of eliminating printing and distribution costs had finally come true. Touch screen interfaces make the tablet an excellent publishing tool. However, the past four years have proven that tablets are not necessarily the final or only answer to publishers' wishes. There has not been enough willingness to use a tablet purchased from a store or received as a tie-in deal for reading a newspaper. At the same time, the costs of printing and distributing paper newspapers are continuously rising, especially per circulation copy, which combined with falling income presents publishers with a difficult equation to solve. For example, there are already several large urban areas in the United States – such as New Orleans and Detroit – where a daily print newspaper is no longer published. place paper, and would be acquired by the publisher and distributed to subscribers as part of the subscription price. The consumer has never felt like he/she paid for the paper either – only for the content it delivers. An e-paper terminal device is at its best when delivering a single publication. The logo on the device and the continuously available content keep the publication visible at all times, while tablets have to be turned on and the desired content selected and opened by pressing one of several icons. E-paper thus avoids one of the challenges of the digital age, which is the 'out-of-sight, outof-mind' phenomenon. E-paper can also serve as a platform for more than one publication. The temptation to use the terminal device for distributing several publications is quite high, but hasn't been tested so far. Not an alternative to a tablet First tests in Vantaa and Shanghai This is not a consumer terminal device that would be purchased from a store. It's a distribution tool to re- The e-paper terminal device was first introduced at Next Media in 2009, when the programme was still in the NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

TECHNOLOGY A new plastic-based structure in e-paper displays means that LivePaper will become even lighter and thinner this year. Currently, the terminal device displays are made of glass, like in tablets. planning stage. Metropolia's Jörgen Eriksson proposed a project called e-book, which was based on the use of e-paper. The plans weren't ready at that time, so the project began the next year under the ePaper name with direct funding from Tekes. A low power consumption e-reader was tested for the first time in Vantaa in autumn 2011, when 10 households had the chance to read daily local news for one month on a black-and-white terminal device made of e-paper. The device which was automatically updated and easy-to-use received a positive reception in many of the Vantaa test families. The solution was also tested in the Shanghai Structure and operation of the LivePaper terminal device Photo published in 3T magazine. Sketch: Osmo Päivinen ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 area of China in spring 2012. User research results concerning readiness to read content on such a device were promising and encouraged further development. ePaper 2.0 In the second phase, the project moved back to Next Media as ePaper 2.0. The terminal device called Live- Paper underwent significant technical development and received colour to support content presentation. In the Next Media project, Anygraaf and Leia Media developed a system that makes it possible to import content laid out automatically to the device. The solution has been tested at the start of this year with new prototypes in order to have the device ready for Helsingin Sanomat's consumer testing in May. The solution developed in the research project has without exception attracted great interest among users and media companies. As paper gradually takes a back seat during this decade, the big question is whether this new, paper-replacing way of distributing content can develop alongside tablets and smartphones. The LivePaper solution comprises an e-reader optimised for reading news and a system developed around it that makes reading content as easy as possible. One of the models for the project is Amazon's Kindle e-reader, which has revolutionised sales and reading – particularly in the United States. One in threeAmericans over the age of 18 already has a Kindle or comparable e-reader. Advertising also plays a key role in the Next Media project. One key objective is to move a familiar experience from paper to the digital ?? 15

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TECHNOLOGY world, and advertisements in a print newspaper have always been a central part of the service. This has not been the case in the digital world so far. One of the key building blocks in the easy usability of the device is a solar panel that ensures a sufficient power supply and was already part of the first version. E-paper requires a minimal amount of electricity – only for data transfer and when updating a new page on the screen. Leia Media, Anygraaf, Bluegiga and DNA have optimised power consumption for both reading and data transfer, which means that a charging cell optimised for interior lighting can provide sufficient power for several reading sessions each day. The device should operate for about two weeks on a full battery. The HS pilot will begin in May Sanoma has cooperated with Leia Media and Anygraaf to develop an optimised method for presenting content and automating the publishing process in a comprehensive way. The research project will culminate in a pilot beginning in May, in which 80 households will use a LivePaper solution to read Helsingin Sanomat newspaper for one month. The amount of content is much greater than in the first trial two years ago, which has made it necessary to extend the device properties much further. In particular, power consumption when loading and reading the newspaper on a device without a charger is a key factor in dimensioning. Information and experiences have also been collected from other sources during the project. Resarch institute VTT has produced a report focusing on the experiences of users who read the New York Times with a Kindle. VTT's Owela online co-design environment is also being ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 utilised in this project. A technology pioneer group commented on the present and future properties of LivePaper on the project website. Usability is most important Plenty of development lies ahead The LivePaper solution still requires a lot of development – after all, this is only a prototype. Leia hopes to have the first commercial versions ready in 2015. They may already be in use next autumn in the most critical locations, for example, areas where morning delivery cannot otherwise be implemented. The first development target is changing the glass layer on the surface to a flexible plastic substrate, which will make the e-paper much thinner and lighter. A transparent membrane on the device screen would be more suitable as the solar cell. Such membranes have already been developed for mobile phones. Similarly, the technology used for data transfer can be developed – LivePaper currently operates by means of a Bluetooth connection to a mobile phone. Publishers would also like to have a bigger device and page change with finger swipe control. The larger size would provide better possibilities for layout design while finger swipe to control page changing has become established practice among all tablet users in recent years. The future will show whether e-paper can develop in the desired way and whether it will provide a genuine option for content distribution. Leia Media has been a global pioneer in this area while other players concentrate on tablets and mobile phones. The market for this type of terminal device is so huge that, if successful, Leia has the chance to become the next 'Nokia' or 'Supercell'. n Janne Kaijärvi Chief Media Officer, Leia Media The product is in the product development stage, so we asked Leia Media's Janne Kaijärvi how the device is being developed and how it's been received by the world. What is most important in terms of success for a product like this? ‘In an interview in Wired magazine last September, one of Twitter's founders, Evan Williams, summed up the secret of success in the digital era in a single word: convenience.’ ‘?This is also Leia's objective: how to make reading a publication sufficiently easy and pleasant.’ ‘Right now, development work is focused on making it as easy as possible to read content on the LivePaper device. Among other things, this means continuously improving contrast, navigation and layout.’ How do you intend to develop LivePaper in the near future? ‘?The next step involves developing a significantly thinner and lighter version of the device, which will also influence ease of reading.’ ‘Of course, the key is whether readers will make LivePaper a part of their everyday routine. This is why we're working closely with publishers on the matter this year. Leia Media's terminal device has attracted a lot of interest on almost every continent.’ What do major US and European media holdings think of your work? ‘?All publishers, both in Europe and the United States, have been curious and interested to see whether LivePaper can solve some of their challenges.’ ‘?The peak of the tablet craze is already passing and, from the perspective of newspaper publishers, the results haven't been as good as expected,’ . ?? 17

THEME Tablet publishing revolutionises business NEXT MEDIA RENEWS THE MEDIA INDUSTRY The transformation of the media industry has presented huge challenges for development activities. Basic business operations have to be ensured for digital terminal devices at the same time as new avenues of business are developed. The greatest challenges involve turning an internet perceived as free into something that is paid for - optimising the user's media experience on a small display, and developing the entire production process for automatic digital distribution. 'Next Media has helped prepare for the future and create a foundation for new business' 18 Tablets didn't exist when Next Media was being planned in spring 2009. There was digital publishing, but it mainly comprised free articles on websites and mobile phones. Next Media was proactive and made the commercialisation of media content on e-readers one of its main projects, even though the only devices available at the time were Amazon's Kindle and a few other black-and-white, small-screen e-readers The spring after Next Media began, however, the media world was changed forever - with Apple launching its iPad tablet, and Samsung's Galaxy following soon after. The tablet was the first digital terminal device for which paid digital content could be designed. Next Media took advantage of the new terminal device, and development work began on digital versions of publications. All forms of media have been included in this development: newspapers, magazines, books and television. A sustainable platform for business However, at the same time it was apparent that the operating model of application NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

A THEME NEXT MEDIA RENEWS THE MEDIA INDUSTRY stores in which the buyer has a customer relationship with the application store rather than with the publication is not a sustainable business platform in the long run. So, as soon as it became possible, development work began on an HTML5-based system that works on all device platforms. Next Media's mission has been transformation - moving the business to new platforms. This is essential in the first phase of digitalising media companies. The funders of Next Media set high targets for the programme: renewing the industry, increasing turnover, and internationalisation. According to these parameters, Next Media has been very successful: a lot of publications that can be read on digital tablets and on smart phones have been produced in Finland, the industry has developed its payment logic and, as a result, its digital turnover. In addition, Next Media has given many technology companies a boost in terms of internationalisation. ePaper Finland Oy has moved a significant number of Finnish newspapers into the digital era. Its Lehtiluukku service now has more than 400 publications available for purchase and reading on tablets. An encouraging strategy process Although Next Media's funding from Tekes doesn't seem very large in terms of development costs in a media industry that operates in a billion-euro business, it has had a significant impact on results. The sector strategy process implemented by the Federation of the Finnish Media Industry, Finnmedia, before Next Media was established, encouraged and focused industry vision on working together, which produced results that benefit the entire media sector in the form of sharing open information and experiences The feedback from all of Next Media's company partners has been the same: we learned a lot together, a lot of new media services and mobile applications were produced, and the skills needed to further develop operations are significantly better. Although in 2009 the drop in media companies turnover hadn't yet become reality in Finland, experience, especially in the United States, indicated that the same situation lay ahead in Finland in one way or another. At the same time, the industry has suffered from the global economic downturn that also hit NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 Finland hard - with media companies suffering a significant drop in advertising revenue. The past four years have shown that Next Media didn't start a moment too soon. The business model plays a key role Internet consumers accustomed to free service are increasingly willing to pay for content. Services subject to a monthly fee, such as Spotify and Netflix, paved the road for this attitude. The first requirement for this is the development of digital services with adequate quality: tablet applications, facsimile editions and mobile applications. Media consumers have to be able to follow their selected content on all the terminal devices that they possess. 19

THEME NEXT MEDIA RENEWS THE MEDIA INDUSTRY 'Next Media has created an excellent foundation for internationalising our products.' The second requirement is a limitation on the amount of free content, which is currently being implemented by means of various paywall solutions that Finnish media companies are putting into use. The best solution from the user perspective has proven to be a so-called soft paywall. This allows users to preview some content, while regular use requires payment. Social media is an important tool for making content known, so a soft paywall allows content display via social media linking. People are prepared to pay for good digital reader service. Many have decided to also read the paper versions of publications, so it was natural to combine the best of both worlds and build a product that lets the reader decide which channel and which format to use in different situations. the daily newspaper or daily news stream in attractive format on a computer, tablet or even a smartphone. Helsingin Sanomat's profitable strategy in digital publishing operations has attracted global attention. The Nieman Journalism Lab at Harvard, which regularly probes media sector innovations, selected Helsingin Sanomat as the first of three European success stories in media business development. Paywall or paygate? Helsingin Sanomat has also been a trailblazer in terms of limiting free content, which takes courage in many cases. HS considers a soft paywall to be the best solution: casual browsers don't run into a paywall, but anyone who reads more than five articles per week is offered the newspaper in one subscription form or another and reading of additional news is blocked. This keeps the gate slightly ajar. The most important element in the basic business model of transformation is to allow readers to decide on a suitable combination and when the time is right to switch to only digital options. It will be interesting to see what role the e-paper terminal device developed by Leia Media will play in the distribution of digital content in the future. Helsingin Sanomat has been actively involved in the testing of this type of device. Local newspaper becomes online community Next Media has attracted global interest. Presentations have been made at numerous WAN-IFRA conferences around the world. In this photo: KSF Media's Lotta Holm and Kai Ritala make a presentation at the World Publishing Expo in Berlin. 20 ? Sanoma leads development Sanoma Media Finland's Helsingin Sanomat newspaper has been a pioneer in the development of digital services and creating payment practices. HS has provided paid digital services since 2008, before smartphones and tablets began to rapidly become common among consumers. Helsingin Sanomat's solution was to develop a possibility to follow the newspaper on every popular terminal device based on the terms of each device. Users can follow In contrast, the business model for local newspapers is developing in a different direction. Quick online communication means that news topics no longer come only from the editorial team's sources - in fact, readers are actually more aware of local events than the editorial team is. As a result, local media is turning into more of a local online community, where the media company serves as a hub that combines information flows while the content is produced by the actual readers, advertisers and public actors. For example, the capital region-based Metro newspaper's reader reporters already accounted for a huge amount of content production in 2012. The newspaper had more ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

THEME NEXT MEDIA RENEWS THE MEDIA INDUSTRY than 30,000 readers who also served as contributors, submitting a total of over 35,000 photos. The Huittisten Sanomalehti Oy media concern has developed its cooperation and services for advertisers and succeeded in blocking the attempts of Google and other online services selling advertising space from taking over as the advertising channel for local companies. A boom in digital publishing activity When Next Media was launched in 2010, there were, in practice, no paid Finnish publications, with the exception of scientific literature. Since then, publications have been developed at a record pace, with hundreds of magazines and more than 60 newspapers now available on tablets. One important player in this transformation of publications has been ePaper Finland, which was established just before Next Media began. In the Next Media programme, it has developed a digital publishing system and marketplace and produced a significant share of the digital versions of Finnish newspapers. The company is now aiming for international success - with its most distant sales points being located in the United States. Book publishers boosted by Next Media have published more than 2,500 e-books. This also includes international application implementations, such as Bonnier Books' Taro Maan Ytimessä children's book, which have been on the best seller lists of application stores in their categories. Functional library lending is an essential part of the e-book market. Next Media has done ground-breaking work relating to library lending of e-books. It has been among the first to create an operating model that benefits publishers, authors, distributors and libraries. The distribution platform developed by Ellibs has been taken into use nationally and it can also be marketed internationally. ‘Next Media has changed our company strategy.’ Media experience as the mission The revolutionary power of tablets was hidden in the new method of terminal device control, which actually originated in mobile phones. The buttons and cursor arrows used in phones had been annoyingly poor in terms of web browsing. Using a finger to easily browse through a publication - just as people were accustomed to doing - was the launch pad for a new kind of digital publication media experience. Right from the start, Next Media's mission has been to improve the digital experience in digital terminal devices. The screen is small for publishing activities, which makes it difficult to show the reader the ‘big picture’ and the abundance of content on offer. Another challenging task is visual navigation, which would help in content browsing and understanding the overall concept. A further challenge is interactivity, which has to be embedded in the publications in a way that allows the user to immediately un- Results via experimental development The Next Media project has focused on agile development, pilots, experiments, and user testing with real media users. All of the participating companies have been able to learn from these experiments. The programme has also benefited SMEs, for which the cooperation has produced information about future industry needs and good ideas for offering digital products and services to the media sector. ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 The spread of smartphones, tablets and wireless internet represents a huge opportunity for publishers, as consumers have adopted them quickly. They allow consumers to follow the news or use other services all day long, while reading a print newspaper or book tends to take place in the morning or evening or in other leisure time. New terminal devices offer up to eight hours of additional time to reach consumers each day. In prac- tice,technology based development and testing was the only way to proceed, simply because there wasn't enough information available concerning the daily routines of today's media consumer. DIA NEXT ME Y INDUSTR IA D E M E TH RENEWS ?? 21

Language is one of the major success factors in the information era Lingsoft is a forerunner in providing language management tools and services and the preferred partner for language technology. Some examples of our services Lingsoft offers an easy-to-integrate technology platform that increases the effectiveness of digital productions and creates a better user experience. Language management A holistic corporate language management system provides a competitive advantage for organizations that rely on multilingual communication. Translation and localization We can handle all the world’s major languages effectively and with broad experience. Tools for reading and writing Our intuitive language tools improve the effectiviness and quality of language usage. Text search and mining The effective use of digital information is enhanced by our advanced language technology. Speech solutions Speech recognition and synthetic speech for the automation of processes. Lingsoft Oy Eteläranta 10, 00130 Helsinki puhelin: + 358 (0)9 668 9280 Linnankatu 10 A, 20100 Turku puhelin: + 358 (0)2 279 3300 LANGUAGE MANAGEMENT www.lingsoft.fi 22 ? ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

THEME NEXT MEDIA RENEWS THE MEDIA INDUSTRY derstand which element is interactive and which is not. Tablet heuristics, an expert evaluation method especially intended for publishing production, was developed to address these challenges. Next Media has used many different methods to study the media experience from traditional self-evaluation, user panels and ethnography to psychophysiological methods. Psychophysiological methods have been used at Aalto University School of Business to test the media experience produced by alternative structure and layout models and implemented by media companies. Automatic content layout is a central part of the media experience - used to ensure that the layout responds as well as possible to different terminal devices and their positions. Helsingin Sanomat renewed its iPad application in February, and tablet heuristics developed at Aalto ARTS was used in the process. As a result of this change, the news text is now laid out over three horizontal columns. Transformation technologies Next Media as an accelerator Content metadata in content management systems is an inherent part of automatic layout. Metadata tells layout about the order of articles, their importance and essential information about the location and revision of different elements. Furthermore, automatic layout has to be able to ‘understand’ things like article images so that it can intelligently crop them and place the headlines on top of less important areas of the image. Next Media has done a lot of work to develop the different phases of content management and the content metadata produced by them. Readers, advertisers and the public sector have been taken into account in content production, and standards recommendations created in order to facilitate the exchange of design information and content between organisations. The projects involved compiling glossaries and metadata structures for different media types and writing open source software. These are used to automatically create metadata from text and images. Researchers have also developed algorithms for the automatic understanding of text, images and videos using big data methods. NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 Activity in digital service development has risen to a significant level in Finland during Next Media. Business related to digital publishing has multiplied in companies that participated in Next Media. It ' s difficult to assess all the results of industrial research, because the actual crop is only harvested after the projects, but this unique cooperation and sharing of information has also had other impacts on the companies' business. The starting point for Next Media four years ago was to raise the competence and knowledge base in the media sector to a level that can be used as a springboard to reach international markets. In this respect, Next Media has been highly successful. n 23

Readers and advertisers take part in making publications ? Katri Grenman, VTT A local newspaper develops into AN ONLINE COMMUNITY The accelerating speed of network access and close online communication between readers puts the newsroom in a new position: readers know more about local issues than the newsroom does. Helsingin Sanomat's Metro newspaper has handled this situation by inviting readers to create content. The newspaper already has more than 35,000 contributors each year. Cooperation between readers and the press has been studied throughout the entire four years of Next Media. Information and competence has been collected regarding readers' participation, motivation factors and how local entrepreneurs see the benefits and drawbacks of reader participation. At the same time, research focused on examining the type of technical devices needed to enable readers and advertisers to participate as fully as possible in content production. The new operating method was found 24 to reduce newsroom costs by about one-third at the local paper. A new sense of community The motivation for developing hyperlocal services is the need to activate and create team spirit in a local community. This also provides additional visibility for local actors, such as advertisers. Of course, media companies hope that relevant hyperlocal content will help strengthen their position as an advertising channel for local businesses. As such, reader participation in newspaper-making is nothing new. Readers have always sent mail and news tips to the newsroom, but the technology – especially mobile technology and social media – make it possible to develop a new way of creating a conversational link with the audience and make news in partnership with them. Readers have taken a bigger role in content production for local newspapers. This has also brought a lot of new and interesting elements to content. NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

THEME NEXT MEDIA RENEWS THE MEDIA INDUSTRY For example, 90 of the 100 mostread articles in Metro in 2012 were initiated by a reader. Many of these were stories that would never have been produced by means of the traditional newspaper making process. In 2013, readers sent about 30,000 photos and 2,000 stories and columns to Metro. A new kind of content Local journalism has to go extremely deep, to the so-called hyperlocal level. In practice, this means getting out on the street and keeping both eyes and ears open all the time. Motivating readers to participate in content production means that there are a lot of eyes available. Finland's Metro newspaper considers its strength to be having the world's largest newsroom, since as many as 35,000 people have taken part in producing the newspaper. Working together is engaging. Despite the fact that the internet contains countless websites where people can upload their own photos and texts and share them with others, there is no guarantee of actually getting real visibility for that material. In addition to content produced by readers, working together builds that traditional 'us' spirit and commits readers to the community formed around the newspaper. Being able to offer quality content and an active reader base helps a local newspaper remain attractive as a platform for local advertisers. Keeping up with global services International general use services like Google and Facebook have been trying to get closer to local markets and the companies operating in them for a long time. However, a community of active readers and advertisers keeps these services at bay. One example of this is the coupon campaign launched by Länsi-Suomi newspaper. Länsi-Suomi, which has 12,500 subscribers, published discount coupons in its paper. During the campaign, these coupons were used to purchase 7,000 pizzas, 5,000 steaks and 2,000 car washes. In contrast, only 100 of the 1,200 coupons received during a Facebook coupon campaign run by a local sports store were redeemed. On the other hand, Huittisten Sanoma newspaper's progressive online service – Palveleva Huittinen – succeeded in keeping local companies as advertisers – the companies have only occasionally bought advertising from Google. A strong and active community provides visibility for messages from all the participants. n Santtu Parkkonen Producer, HS Development Producer Santtu Parkkonen: Readers help reinvent a newspaper The Hyperlocal project involved development work on the Sanoma Kaupunkilehdet, which is now part of Helsingin Sanomat in the form of Metro newspaper. Cooperation with readers has been researched with Aalto ARTS and Tampere University of Technology. ‘The involvement of research institutes and universities in the Hyperlocal project has been very valuable. Working only with companies would certainly have produced pilots and tests, but the overall picture of the reader community and related factors would undoubtedly have remained narrower,’ states Santtu Parkkonen, who ran the Hyperlocal project. Parkkonen mentions so-called astonishment journalism as one example of a new phenomenon that has sprung up at Metro magazine. ‘A reader is astonished by something that he/she observes in the city, snaps a quick photo and sends it to the newsroom. The newsroom then finds out what's happening in the photo and publishes it with a report. This is a good example of an article that would never be written without input from readers.’ Traditionally, information came from 'behind' the newsroom and the editorial team then filtered out the most important events for readers. However, in practice some reader always has better and faster knowledge of what's happening, and can communicate this information to others through online services. The newsroom has to reach out to the reader community in order to find this type of interesting news, events or even feedback, such as on the condition of the roads. ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 ?? 25

identification ecosystem COUNTERWEIGHT FOR application stores Centralised application stores like Apple Store, Google Play and Windows Store offer a good user experience and enable content purchase from more than one publisher in the same marketplace. However, they distance the consumer from the publisher, control customer data and take major revenue share. ? Seppo Alatalo, Tieto Oyj The huge popularity of tablets among users has led to a situation in which a noticeable amount of publishers' and also Next Media's development investments are focused on tablet publishing applications. However, this has also contributed to strengthening the ecosystems of application stores that have been established by global companies. Right from the start, Next Media has also developed HTML5-based solutions for publisher needs. In theory, using an HTML5 application means that only one application has to be built rather than having to make a separate application for every application store. One application that can be adapted to all operating systems and terminal devices has long been only a dream in the mobile world. 26 HTML5-based applications and the media stores built around them are one possible alternative in the future. Customer relationships are a key competitive factor Application stores have succeeded in providing the user with a combination of easy authentication and payment, and a wide range of products. This has allowed them to stake out a strong position in the digital content market. When acquiring content from outside application stores, a consumer has to register and be identified separately using different IDs in each service. Consumers eventually get tired of the complicated online payment process associated with acquiring content from anywhere other than an application store. In application stores, local publishers and their products lose their special position because the customerships are transferred to the application store. At the same time, publishers are also deprived of the chance to aquire detailed information about their customers – information which is invaluable in product development, marketing, sales and customer service. Customer understanding is a key part of the value that local media use to keep their own advertising products competitive as targeted advertising increasingly tightens its grip on marketing. Media Key Media Key is a concept developed by Next Media that combines identification and payment for different publishers, while still enabling them to retain an exclusive relationship with their customers. The concept has been tested in 2013. The consumer can use a single ID to purchase content from different publishers. Purchasing takes place in a smooth, consistent and joint use manner once the consumer has NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

THEME NEXT MEDIA RENEWS THE MEDIA INDUSTRY saved their payment information with Media Key in the same way as with application stores. Media Key gives the consumer better opportunities to manage their media consumption. It provides a view on personal media purchases and the chance to manage settings that are related to media consumption in a centralised way. These settings determine what information about the consumer is saved, displayed and shared, whether they want recommendations and, if so, what kind. The importance of having strict controls like this was something potential users emphasized during the research phase of this project. A opportunity for new kinds of services At its simplest, Media Key can serve as the foundation for cooperation between publishers - thus enabling the formation of marketplaces between several actors or for selected products. In a broader scope, Media Key could provide the chance to form affiliate markets for content, where any one of us could estab- lish a marketplace?–?a virtual newstand?–?around the products of publishers who are part of Media Key. Of course, the products could also be something other than digital publications. Other opportunities could include money transfers between consumers, for example, in conjunction with marketplaces. In publishers’ campaigns, Media Key and its virtual wallets could make it easier to offer 'content taste testing'. Media Key could also be used to buy physical products as well, from both publishers and partners. There are so many possibilities. Based on consumer needs The Media Key concept had its acid test in a pilot run by Alma Media. The concept was positively received in user research related to the pilot. The research confirmed that a genuine need exists for a service like Media Key, and that the models designed in the concept were functional. Users did, however, raise a number of security concerns, which would need to be resolved to secure the necessary level of trust. n PUBLISHER 1 MEDIA KEY PUBLISHER 2 CONSUMER Shared login Shared payments All media purchases in a one view Centralised personal settings PUBLISHER 3 ‘For the media company, the piloting of Media Key included a lot of positive elements,’ says Development Manager Kari Hurtola from Alma Diverso. When used with services of strong and recognised brands, Media Key provides ease without endangering security. ‘In future solutions, consumers will be offered more news that is produced faster and related services in which the competition is international. When that happens, delivery and consumption of different types of content inside a media company and between publishers will have to be easy and offer a similar user experience in different services,’ envisions Hurtola. Ease of use will become even more important for consumers as the range of devices grows and user situations change. The abundance of content will provide consumers with the opportunity for a comprehensive and personalised – even comparative – news offering. Readers will be able to build their own news bulletins or useful information from the best and most interesting stories and services. ‘Competition will also activate ideation and make people stop to consider different viewpoints. Content will become more diverse and differentiated in order to better serve customer needs,’ states Hurtola. ‘Media Key is a good tool that transfers resources and focus to good implementation of the core task.’ Customerships owned by publishers Low threshold for customerships Easypayments Freedom to develop, sell and market The Media Key developed in Next Media offers consumers a chance to use the same IDs and payment practices to purchase the desired content products as easily as in most application stores, regardless of the publisher. At the same time, it maintains the publishers' relationships with their respective customers and keeps them separate from one another. The method provides the same experience as Lehtipiste's magazine shelves - the customer chooses their products and pays for them all at the same counter. ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 Opportunities for media companies Kari Hurtola, Development Manager, Alma Diverso ?? 27

the world's first comprehensive ecosystem E-books enter library circulation Finland is the first country in the world to build an e-book lending ecosystem that covers the entire market and value chain. The parties involved reached agreement concerning licencing methods and distribution standards, and developed a method for using a web browser to borrow and read books that was approved by all publishers. E-book lending and licencing methods were developed in Next Media with a network of companies that covered the entire value chain. The project created a model for offering Finnish e-books to public library customers throughout Finland. A user-friendly interface makes it easy for library customers to borrow e-books on different terminals. The HelMet (Helsinki Metropolitan Area) libraries in the capital region served as the pilot libraries for the project, but the model has already been adopted by other libraries and rolled-out throughout the whole country. An easy-to-use e-library The outcome of development work is an e-library that is easy to use for both borrowers and librarians. Two alternative licencing models were developed during the project: a sin28 gle-user licence model and a model for 20 simultaneous users. They correspond to lending of a physical book – there is either one book or 20 books on the shelf. A 100-loan licence was also tested, but it wasn't a feasible solution from the perspective of libraries. In some situation, the one hundred loans could be used up in a very short time. Users were able to choose between two different borrowing methods. The most popular method proved to be downloading the entire book to the user's device, which was selected by 70% of users. For testing purposes, Ellibs Oy also developed a service that enabled reading on an HTML5 browser, which was chosen by about 30% of customers. The high level of customer interest – together with a positive user experience - resulted in excellent feedback from users. ? Olli Nurmi, VTT, Digital Services Many lenders want to use a separate reading application to read books, which means downloading the whole book to a terminal device. During the testing period, nearly 18,000 loans were made in the eBib library and 12,000 HelMet library customers signed up the service. The most popular platform to read e-books on was a tablet device. An e-library accelerates development of the e-book market in Finland. In terms of traditional and e-book sales, it is important to have smooth library lending activities. The operating models developed also make the commercial e-book distribution chain more effective and also increase sales of e-books. Priming the eBib interface Aalto ARTS was involved in developing the interface for lending and reading, which is known as eBib. NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

es THEME NEXT MEDIA RENEWS THE MEDIA INDUSTRY After evaluation, the online service's new interface was supplemented by various features - such as the ability to change the font and different navigational options. These additions were also standardised. The front page of the service was made more attractive by adding the number of books it contains to make it easier to find books available for lending and browse the collection. After testing, the maximum number of simultaneous e-book loans was increased from one to five and the maximum length of the loan period can be changed in the service. According to research by Aalto ARTS and VTT, so-called social reading is a extensive and actively developing area. Along with traditional conversation about a book, social reading includes a large number of networked functions ranging from sharing to receiving shared information. The system is being adopted nationally A permanent e-library service called Ellibs e-library was built on the basis of the eBib pilot and opened to library customers in the metropolitan region at the beginning of 2014. Library implementation was first tested outside the HelMet library system in the Vaski libraries in the Turku region. The objective is to quickly progress to libraries throughout the country. At the beginning of 2014, the book collection in the HelMet e-library comprised about 2,000 items. More new domestic literature will be added to the collection during the winter and spring. New books will be acquired for the e-library as publishers join the library system and more new literature is published in the form of e-books. n ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 Helsinki City Library leads the pack One of the most important elements in multidisciplinary cooperation is creating an open discussion culture between the different partners. ‘The good relations resulting from this project has made it easy to maintain contact between different players, and new projects have also begun,’ explain e-Information Specialist Marja Hjelt and Office Manager Virva Nousiainen-Hiiri from Helsinki City Library. The library doesn't just offer e-materials, it also advises people on how to use different services and provides customers with technical support related to service use. Library representatives who participated in Next Media's e-book project also significantly developed their technical skills. ‘Taking part in the development of an e-library interface increased our knowledge of reading programmes and interface technology and the limitations that they set. We also gained a lot of e-book format expertise. As a result of the project, the library's technical support for customers is at an outstanding level,’ says Hjelt. Virva Nousiainen-Hiiri highlights the development of a license model. Developing and testing new license models was one of the central parts of the project. Marja Hjelt, e-Information Specialist, Helsinki City Library ‘The library wouldn't have been able to test the impact of different license models for libraries and for other actors who are part of the same chain on its own. It was also important to address misunderstandings, assumptions and myths and to create new information among the participants.’ Peter Bagge, Development Manager, Otava Publishing Company Ltd From the publisher's perspective Making e-books part of the library collection creates new opportunities for the book market. It increases the visibility of books and authors and interest in buying books. Development Manager Peter Bagge from Otava Publishing Company Ltd was involved in the library licence project. ‘The trial resulted in a functional and clear model that satisfied all of the parties and provided the basis for drawing up a proposal for a permanent e-book lending model,’ states Bagge. ‘An e-book lending service provides e-books and authors with more visibility and readers' awareness and understanding of e-books also increases significantly. This supports reading and development of the e-book market.’ ‘The trial convinced publishers of the functionality of new e-book lending and DRM technologies. The entire book distribution process will benefit from the development work done during the project,’ says Bagge as he sums up the project results. ?? 29

THEME AIHEEN NIMI TÄHÄN TULEE

AGILE DEVELOPMENT HBL accelerates towards THE DIGITAL ERA Open-minded experimental development and listening to readers play key roles on the road to the uncharted future. HBL is a pioneer in this area. During the four-year project HBL has learned a lot about readers, technology and its own strengths, thus allowing the newspaper to move steadily along the path to digitalisation. Hufvudstadsbladet (HBL) entered the Next Media programme with the intention of digitalising. This was sparked by rising distribution costs as well as the media revolution that has only accelerated during the project. In the early stages, the objective was to determine whether Finnish newspaper readers were ready to use an electronic reading platform to read their papers. Once the traditional newspaper had been moved to a reading device the work continued NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 with new digital products. As Next Media comes to a conclusion, HBL has tested and published three completely different digital news products. ? Lotta Holm, KSF Media Ab Distribution costs serve as a force for change In 2009 HBL was considering the suitability of electronic reading devices for distributing newspaper content in logistically challenging areas. The costs and terms of dis31

THEME NEXT MEDIA RENEWS THE MEDIA INDUSTRY tribution were becoming a major challenge for business. As a result of the Next Media programme, HBL decided to start developing electronic distribution in autumn 2009. The Åland Islands were a natural choice for the initial trial - indeed in early 2010 changes in delivery arrangements meant that the company was forced to terminate its Sunday delivery in the region. At that time no one in the industry - in Finland or anywhere else believed in the success of a digital edition on tablets. This is why the aim was to develop a completely new application with automatic layout. For business reasons HBL considered it important for the news application to contain the same content as the printed newspaper - right down to the advertisements. Since no one knew when the iPad would arrive in Finland the developers settled on a platform-independent application that would work on all tablets regardless of the operating system. Twenty-five Åland Island households from different demographic backgrounds were recruited for the test and the trials were held in March-April 2011. The primary purpose was to determine whether readers who were accustomed to a print newspaper would switch to an electronic version. Positive results The test provided a clear and positive answer. Aalto ARTS, which was responsible for measuring the media experience, discovered that readers felt that electronic distribution was acceptable and the overall reading experience was just as good as reading a print newspaper. However, when collecting final feedback it became apparent that readers preferred the overview of the day's news offered by a printed news32 paper. Although the test users didn't have any experience with an iPad and the digital edition available for it at the time, many of them said that they would prefer 'to read a copy of the printed newspaper' rather than cation system metadata to the level required for automatic layout. Technology did not present any barriers to developing the actual application. The trial indicated that automated layout that differs from a traditional HBL's platform-independent application, which was tested in the Åland Islands in March 2011. a new type of application. Indeed, readers preferred an application showing the paper's printed edition as a print replica - rather than an application specifically designed for tablets. The secondary purpose of the Åland Islands pilot was to determine how the technology could be adapted to creating a platform-independent publication with automatic layout in daily use. Although web and reading device application technology was not very advanced in 2010, the pilot proved that creating such a version was possible. Automatic layout is a challenge The biggest issue in terms of smooth application functionality involved bringing the paper's publi- newspaper might not be suitable for a news product. When highlighting content, one of the main means of communicating the importance of news is visuality and variation. In order for a tablet application to replace a printed newspaper it has to be possible to change its layout. After these experiences the next step for HBL was to start publishlising its digital edition for iPad in July and for Android in September 2011. HBL+ However, the digital edition didn't meet the needs of all readers. News applications have to better utilise the various properties of the tablet so HBL decided to start developping an application designed specifically for tablets: a weekly newspaper that NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

THEME NEXT MEDIA RENEWS THE MEDIA INDUSTRY would compile the main domestic news from HBL and other KSF Media papers. Former subscribers who had given up their newspaper but might still be interested in KSF Media's journalistic offering were selected as the target group. The product was called HBL+. HBL as a digital newspaper. With the help of Aalto University researchers, readers were included in product development right from the concept development phase, and potential readers were invited to test the prototype versions. The feedback from the tests was used to revise the product's content concept, layout and functionality and increase trust in the viability of the weekly product concept. Aalto's researchers were also involved in developing usability factors in the table applications. In 2012, a functional prototype was built with help from the software company Conmio. An HTML5 application was selected as the implementation method, and HBL produced the publication system itself. NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 During the early autumn, the prototype was refined in user tests with the help of Aalto researchers. After positive feedback, a decision was made to turn HBL+ into a product. The first issue was published in November 2012. Breaking the rhythm of publication – HBL Kväll Questions have been raised by the fact that the electronic version of the newspaper is published the following morning although news takes place and are written during the previous The first HBL+ prototype, November 2011. User tests are essential The biggest lesson learned from the HBL+ development project was finding a way of doing agile development that utilised reader feedback in several phases of the process. Since there is no ready model, feedback from readers is especially beneficial when designing a completely new type of media product. It's also important to understand that the organisation's own technical competence is very valuable. When resources are optimised and combined with an understanding of what is worth purchasing and what is worth learning to do, development projects can move ahead in the exact direction desired by the organisation and according to the schedule it sets. day. After HBL+, the development staff started examining the daily routines to consider a solution for this situation. HBL decided to try one of the options available – an evening edition of the newspaper. Newspaper reading has traditionally been a morning activity but news production continues throughout the day Adding an evening edition commits the reader to a greater degree and keeps the news fresh. A preliminary background study was performed in conjunction with a readership survey, after which concept design began together with the Palmu service design company. Confidence that demand existed for an evening version of the paper increased and the prototype for a 33

THEME NEXT MEDIA IS RENEWING THE MEDIA INDUSTRY The HBL+ weekly newspaper in December 2012 digital evening edition was built during summer 2013. VTT's Owela helps out The Owela (Open Web Lab) service developed by VTT was utilised for the project research. Owela was designed to support the different phases of the innovation process. Owela is an online co-design environment that in addition to a joint discussion area contains other tools such as surveys, votes and diaries. The prototype was tested by inviting 55 users to discuss the product concept and prototype. The visuality and content of the evening edition concept was revised on the basis of feedback from the testers. KSF media realised that the only acceptable prototype for this type of service was a 'live service', which actually includes the latest news, in order to allow test users to evaluate the position of the new service in their daily lives. In December, the HBL newsroom produced an evening edition of the 'live' prototype on four consecutive days. The live prototype contained real and current news and was published at the intended time of an evening edition - 4 pm. Test user 34 feedback was very positive and later in December HBL decided to increase the product family with another new product called HBL Kväll. The first issue of the evening edition was published in January. At the time of writing, publication of the evening edition is in its third week and its readership numbers have exceeded all expectations. The evening edition project provided good lessons about the value of one's own development work and close collaboration with readers. The developers learned to take readers' requests into consideration rather than only listening to the opinions of pioneers in the sector. Under the guidance of readers, HBL's evening edition became a reading experience where navigation takes place browsing horizontally in a newspaper-like manner. A path of much learning Next Media has provided HBL with the chance for better quality research work and learning a new concept development model. Close cooperation with other players in the sector and good collaboration with academic bodies has resulted in greater under- HBL Kväll, front page of the live prototype, 12/ 2013. standing from outside the organisation and aided in concept development and testing. Over a four-year period, HBL tested and launched three completely different digital concepts. Each of these concepts was different and had its own specific target group. The thread running through all three concepts was gaining a better understanding of reader needs and of the level of in-house competence - as well as how different partners should be utilised in the various phases of concept development. For HBL it was important to have a central role in directing the technical solutions and the actual layout and functional implementations. A smallish media company doesn't have the luxury of wasting resources - they have to be used in a carefully considered and optimised manner. n NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

VIEWPOINT Next Media is part of Digile's portfolio the starting point for the next media programme was interesting: a research programme of this size had never been implemented anywhere in the world in the media industry. The programme's driver company was Finland's largest media company Sanoma, and Sanoma's biggest competitors were also involved. Although doing research work with competitors was something new for the partners, it proved to be very fruitful. in the first year's funding decision bulletin, digile's ceo Reijo Paajanen stated the following: ‘The Next Media research programme aims at innovations that renew the value network and business models in the media industry[…]. The target is for future media products to benefit from and support interactivity and offer consumers completely Pauli Kuosmanen CTO, Digile Oy new media experiences.’ When this goal is reflected on the division of themes at the results seminar held in January 2013 (New content concepts, visuality and media experience; New advertising concepts, development of an eBook market; Media consumer research; Editorial processes and reader participation; Journalistic content tools in editorial systems from design to digital distribution; Technology: web app development, big data, AR), it's easy to see that the programme really did cover the entire media value chain. i was delighted to read feedback from the partners concerning programme benefits. The programme ’has helped us prepare for the future and create a foundation for new business, changed the company's strategy, provided a framework for developing unique global products’. ‘The work done in Next Media will provide direct financial benefits.’ ‘When the programme started, there was nothing but a website – now we have 27 applications.’ The steering methods for digile's research activities include international evaluation. The Next Media evaluators considered the programme to be unique, even on a global scale, and were very satisfied with what they saw: ‘The change is revolutionary in an industry known as conservative and filled with frictions of competitors – both real and Pauli Kuosmanen is a Doctor of Technology and also has an eMBA. After working as a professor, he spent the main part of his business career with Elisa and Plenware in technology management and product development positions. He has been the technology officer for DIGILE since it was founded in 2008. ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 imaginary.’ next media's field of operation is not an easy one. Media consumers are demanding customers, globalisation is an everyday issue, and social media altered the field significantly during the programme, yet I believe that without the programme, the state of our media industry would now be a lot weaker. However, the change will continue, hopefully Digital First – the international extension of Next Media – will get a quick start. My main criticism of the NM programme is the question of we didn't begin with this approach four years ago? n ?? 35

INTERNATIONALISATION Nordic Next Media and Horizon 2020 Digital First Next Media is going international. Two years of cooperation are being planned with Nordic partners in Nordic Next Media, with the aim of Europe-wide cooperation projects in the EU's eighth framework programme Horizon 2020. ? E skoensio Pipatti Next Media's goal has been a media transformation - moving the business to digital terminal devices. For the most part, this research work is complete and new, ambitious targets have to be set for the new period. In Nordic Next Media, we are going through a post-transformation period, which involves forgetting the traditional operating methods and limitations resulting from the printing of publications and physical distribution. Thus, the attitude in the programme is Digital First. The burden of tradition One of the goals of Digital First is to identify features of media services that have adapted to the needs of paper printing and distribution and which can be completely made over in a digital world. Publishing schedules, the amount of content and specification of target groups are areas that will certainly undergo changes. The updating and enriching of content, ways of col36 ? Nordic Next Media Horizon 2020 lecting income flows, and operating models and processes for content creation will also develop. The arrangement of funding for Nordic Next Media has been quite time-consuming, as there is no clear operating method for funding internationalising SHOK programmes (SHOK = The Strategic Centers for Science, Technology and Innovation). In this sense, Next Media will serve as a guinea pig – as it has been in so many other ways. This experience will hopefully make it easier to organise funding of this type in the future. Nordic Next Media projects Around ten mutually supportive research directions have been found Nordic Next Media •?Includes four Nordic countries: Finland, Sweden, Norway and Denmark •?Finland's coordinator is the Federation of the Finnish Media Industry, Finn­media •?The country coordinator in the first three countries is a media organisation corresponding to Finnmedia, and a company called Visiolink in Denmark •?Finland's share consists of two parallel projects: a research group project and a corporate group project •?The other Nordic countries have existing projects that are either already funded or are applying for funding and will join the Nordic Next Media cooperation •?Cooperation in Nordic Next Media is deep – with research task-level collaboration – not just an exchange of general information. ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

INTERNATIONALISATION for Nordic cooperation, and divided into four work packages. The work packages reflect the biggest change trends of the digital era: Business from new terminal devices and channels, Big Data in media, New media concepts and the importance of media in society. The vast majority of the key players from Next Media are also ready to join Nordic Next Media's Finnish consortium. This demonstrates satisfaction with the programme results. Good achievements have also attracted new companies to the programme. Finland's Nordic Next Media project will apply for Tekes funding directly for two parallel projects: a corporate group project and a research group project. Setting high targets Nordic Next Media has set ambitious targets that are closer to business that would be possible in a SHOK programme. Many technology SMEs that grew as a result of Next Media and the start-up Leia Media are aiming to enter the international market on the basis of products developed in Next Media. Media companies want to multiply their digital publishing operations turnover – many are even aiming for a 10-fold increase over the next four years. n International cooperation Cooperation with the Norwegian New Media Network began back in 2010 and at the same time discussions were held with the global newspaper organisation WAN-IFRA concerning the upcoming EU Horizon 2020 framework programme, which at that time was still called FP8. Horizon 2020. In spring 2012, lobbying for the Horizon regulation texts was launched with ENPA, the EuDirector, R&D Helene Juhola from the ropean Newspaper Publishers Federation of the Finnish Media Industry Association. As a result of that coordinates the Finnish part of Nordic lobbying, the media is betNext Media. ter represented in the decree texts. Inspired by Finland's example, the Norwegians' first funded project was called NxtMedia Trondheim. Stampen Group, which is one of the largest media companies in Sweden, joined the NxtMedia projects. Nordic cooperation. The idea of closer Nordic research collaboration began to take shape in Next Media in spring 2013. This initiative was called Nordic Next Media as a result of the broad international attention received by Next Media. Norway's NxtMedia was ready to join, while in Sweden the newspaper organisation TU made a decision to begin preparations for participation. Later in 2013, the Nordic cooperation further expanded with the addition of Denmark, where a company called Visiolink has been running a consortium of companies and research for several years that has been studying the same topics as Next Media. A country coordinator was appointed for each country, a role which in Finland was assigned to the Federation of the Finnish Media Industry. A common plan In the autumn, Nordic Next Media's project structure and plans were refined and the first Nordic project plan was compiled in Finland. All of the other Nordic countries already have ongoing media research projects that are either funded or applying for funding and will join the Nordic cooperation with the Next Media consortium. In Finland, Digital First is scheduled to begin in May 2014 and continue for two years as Nordic cooperation. The path to Horizon 2020 is already being mapped out with regard to several projects. Nordic Next Media consists of projects in Finland, Sweden, Norway and Denmark. ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 ?? 37

INTERNATIONALISATION Going global with NEXT MEDIA Next Media's technology partners have received a boost for their products and are internationalising according to their respective models. Leading the way is the start-up Leia Media, which has set its sights high. All of the companies are characterised by the fact that the products that they want to export were developed with the help of Next Media research and cooperation. ?O  lli Kuusisto, VTT Anygraaf is an experienced export company Anygraaf 's Neo media content de­ sign and manageEskoensio Pipatti has a master ment system has of science degree in digital benefited from detechnology. He has spent the velopment work majority his career workHarriof Taskinen ing as an editor-in-chiefdone of in Next Media. It hasmagazines enabledand testing of solution computer as amodels digital media thatservices came up in the project, developer. He has been run- data, open data for example, planning ning the Next Media research processing and digital publishing. programme for th past four ‘Anygraaf's basic philosophy is to years. ensure the continuation of product development, even when the customers are experiencing tough times,’ says Harri Taskinen from Anygraaf. ‘This is the reason why Anygraaf is still able to offer the best and up-todate systems when an industrial sec- 38 ? tor begins to grow again after a slow period.’ Next Media has played a decisive role in Anygraaf's acquisition of new competence for its products. The company has been able to utilise this knowledge, especially in market areas where there is an equivalent interface and its results haven't been available. For example, the utilisation of planning data in newspaper structure management is very advanced in Finland. This approach still appears to be quite uncommon in other Anygraaf market areas. The much-publicised LivePaper project made use of Anygraaf methods that were developed in Next Media. ‘It's still too early to assess the impact of Next Media on international turnover, but we strongly believe that it will contribute to growth,’ explains Harri Taskinen. Anygraaf products can be found in 17 countries. Approximately 50% of turnover currently comes from outside Finland. Anygraaf's target is to increase its market share as a digital publishing channel expert in Sweden and Norway. In the German and Dutch markets, the company is looking for growth from existing customers, and it's taking careful steps with a subsidiary in the United States market. ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

THEME INTERNATIONALISATION Leia Media sets its sights high Leia Media is a Finnish start-up that is developing an e-paper based terminal device to replace Janne Kaijärvi paper as a newspaper distribution tool. A research project that ran parallel to Next Media created the first prototype for a low power consumption reading device. Newspaper distribution via the test devices manufactured at Metropolia were tested in Finland and China, while a small-scale test was performed on teaching materials in Tanzania. After completion of the testing, a company called Leia Media was established in 2012. 'The different projects gave us a good overall picture, and we could see the change on a large scale. Next Media's international visibility at, for example, WAN-IFRA conferences and exhibitions has provided us with credibility,' says Janne Kaijärvi, Chief Media Officer at Leia Media, who ran Next Media's Hyperlocal work package before moving to Leia Media. During the past year, Kaijärvi has met people from dozens of media companies in Finland, the United States and Europe. According to Kaijärvi, Next Media has played a decisive role in terms of forming international contacts. He sees the markets with the most potential as being Poland, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United States. Testing is going to a deeper level with more advanced devices. In China, where the company's own resources are still inadequate at this time, it's cooperating with a company aiming to digitalize the TV network. ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 Tieto is already globally strong Tieto's initial focus areas in Next Media were mobile and advertising solutions, with media content solutions Pekka Melander following later. Next Media has produced concrete development ideas for product and service development. These include mobile and content management services and identification and payment services. 'This is beneficial to our business in Finland and internationally,’ explain Harri Maho, Vesa Vainio and Pekka Melander from Tieto. Some of the results have already been implemented in manufacturing, but plenty of development still lies ahead. The domestic markets are so small that it would have been impossible to do the same things alone. Next Media's direct impact on turnover is small at Tieto, but the aim in future years is to achieve tens of millions in turnover from media area services and solutions. Tieto is already an international company. In the media industry, Tieto focuses on the Nordic countries and it has operations in a total of 20 countries, either through global customerships or products. 'During the next few years, our objective is to create services that develop Nordic media competitiveness in relation to large, global media players. We're also interested in broader internationalisation in the future,’ continues Maho. 'We see the Digital First project as a stepping stone to EU-level joint activities.’ Conmio focuses on the United States Conmio has been strongly involved in media mobilisation, both in Finland and internationally. Founded Sami Ruotsalainen in 2002, the company began internationalising after the New York Times became a customer in 2006. 'We saw Next Media as a good channel for developing the future of digital media with the whole industry,' stated Sami Ruotsalainen from Conmio. During Next Media, Conmio has tested new features for its services and products, and then integrated them into products when successful. Along with mobile phones, Conmio's software enables digital services to be built into tablets and desktop browsers. The development projects in Next Media have been in- teractive in nature. 'This has allowed us to focus on developing elements that are essential to media,' says Ruotsalainen. The company has a vision of helping media companies create new digital services for their customers. 'We want to work with media companies to find new, innovative solutions for bringing existing services to consumers and for developing completely new business functions.' At this point, more than 75% of Conmio's turnover comes from outside Finland, the majority from the United States. Latin America is considered to be the strongest growth market. The goal is for more than 70% of turnover to come from outside Finland in the future as well. ?? 39

INTERNATIONALISATION Ellibs is an e-book expert Ellibs has operated in the e-book market since 2002 and its lending system is used in nearly all Finnish libraries. Next Jarmo Heikkilä Media began developing a library distribution model that covered the entire value chain, so it was natural for Ellibs to join the programme. Jarmo Heikkilä from Ellibs sees particularly high value in the trials conducted, which had to take into account technology, logistics, user rights, usage statistics, and money flow management among different parties. Without Next Media, this type of project would never have been possible. Along with Finland, Ellibs already has some installations in Sweden, Estonia and Russia. ‘We believe that the concepts developed in Next Media also have potential in international markets. To our knowledge, the concept that was created is unique – even on a global scale,’ states Heikkilä. At the upcoming Frankfurt Book Fair, Ellibs will be at the Finnish pavilion to tell the story of how Finland has been successful with libraries. Internationalisation is still in the early stage for Ellibs. During this year, the intention is to determine the level of international interest and further productise the concept if necessary. With regard to export, the technology is already looking good. ePaper Finland moves publications into the digital era ePaper Finland was established in 2008. In the same year, the company launched its Lehtiluukku service, which has become Finland's leading marketplace for newspapers and magazines. Lehtiluukku has moved hundreds of publications into the digital era. ‘We joined Next Media after reading about the launch of a project that was related to the company's core area. The primary goal was to develop our own competence and new product ideas,’ says Jouni Ikonen from ePaper Finland. 'We have been able to try out and test our new features for our products to- gether with other Next Media partners, and we've obtained valuable feedback for product development. In Next Media, ePaper researched applications, as well as the easiest and most effective way to produce a digital product from a printed magazine. One example of a development idea that has already been implemented involves adding tags to a physical magazine rack, which then link customers to the electronic versions of the publications. The greatest benefits of Next Media for the company were the lessons learned about what not to do. Ikonen also believes that the Next Media cooperation provides good conditions for internationalisation. The company intends to launch its electronic Lehtiluukku service in other Nordic countries and in Holland. ‘Internationalisation is one of the company's most important targets, because we're already the market leader in Finland,’ explains Ikonen as he sums up ePaper Finland's plans for the future. Paper Silencio knows audio and video Silencio has developed audio and video production processes in Next Media. According to the company, developTeemu Oksanen ing new products is the only way for micro-enterprises to grow faster than the pace of organic growth. ‘Next Media provided us with new business contacts, and the work done over the four years of the project resulted in new product ideas, such as the Guidio audio-guide service for a differ- 40 ? ent way of touring cultural attractions,' says Teemu Oksanen from Silencio. Guidio includes the production, management and distribution of audio guides for smartphones. Other development work has also continued while Next Media was in progress. In late 2013, the company was awarded funding for a product development project aimed at both testing business models for the concept and then taking it to international markets – initially the Nordic countries and the United States. ‘Next Media has played a crucial role in concept development,' states Oksanen. Next Media has contributed to supporting the 30–50% of the annual turnover growth of this company, which was established in 2007. According to Oksanen, the target for growth in the future is just as high. Silencio operates in the Nordic countries through partners, and opportunities to enter the American market have also been explored. Although Silencio's international turnover prior to Next Media was almost non-existent, it's expected to become a significant factor in the future. ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

THEME BUSINESS ? Jyri Korenius the transformation of huittisten sanomalehti From a development idea to a new strategy The position of local media as it competes with advertising space offered by global online services is a challenging one. Purposefully building a content service into an active meeting place for advertisers and the audience can allow local media to take up a position that is only made possible by local knowledge. This is how Huittisten Sanomalehti operated in Next Media. The starting point for the Palveleva Huittinen online service in Next Media was the idea that something would have to be done in local newspaper operations in the face of changing markets. In Huittinen, this involved developing a portal to meet the needs of the local people and advertisers. We wanted to use the project to develop new types of operating methods and create new sales opportunities, but we never imagined that the development process would lead to a change in the strategy of our whole company. Companies as independent content producers We wanted to create a common location where local companies could produce their own content. The Palveleva Huittinen online service was the outcome of this work. Companies can independently produce material for the portal, such as advertisements and bulletins, by registering as content producers. The development work experienced a NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 taste of reality quite quickly. The development process proved that the best way to implement new things is to progress in small steps and introduce them to people gradually. We also learned that the support from social networks is necessary. These networks highlight the local element in the best possible way, and even Google and its local advertisements find that hard to beat. Implementing new distribution methods A common state of mind was found both inside the company and with customers. The objective was to make publishing easy and ensure that the new publishing methods didn't cause an increased workload. Local advertisers took a very positive attitude towards a multi-channel approach, even considering it essential to reaching all customer target groups. Several new publishing channels were created as a result of the project. New developments include a mobile application, info screens loc- Jyri Korenius, Managing Director of Huittisten Sanomalehti, at the door to the newsroom ated in business facilities, and roadside LCD screens to accompany the local newspaper and online portal. New perspectives on markets Advertisers felt that a local newspaper alone didn't offer sufficient visibility and circulation, although they did believe newspaper advertising is very strong. On the other hand, normally-priced newspaper advertising was also considered expensive. Traditional marketing that targets households proved to be too narrow in scope. The goal was specified as market-centred activities, which involve identifying different segments in the local region. Along with households, these segments include passing drivers, people running errands in the city and pedestrians. The idea was to expand use of hyperlocal content to a larger geographic area. Technologies related to gesture control of content were also created and tested in the project. These enable dialogue between a mobile application and screens. Although the amount of advertising in the newspaper has dropped, turnover has continued to grow via the collaboration network of content producers – indeed, after the development of the mobile application, advertising sales increased by 20% during the first months of 2012. n 41

Digital Services Digital services offer opportunities for media companies Transformation of the media industry is shaking up the producers and consumers of media content. Digitalization is leading to an overhaul of all types of content, content production, services and the customer and user experiences they provide. In addition to this, advertising, which has previously been the main source of income for media companies, is increasingly being produced and distributed by advertisers themselves. ”We help media companies to maintain their competitiveness and comprehensively reform their business operations. System integrations, cloud services and analytics create new business opportunities, as they enable entirely new consumer experiences to be created, leading to satisfied customers,” says Harri Maho, Head of Business Development, Telecom & Media Industry Group, Tieto. Small is beautiful Local newspapers are currently in the eye of the storm that is rocking the media industry. So far, they have prospered. Their attraction is based on knowledge of their target group’s needs and the ability to produce precisely the right media content. However, as loyal readers change, media content is accessed via new channels. Globalizing markets and the accompanying wave of free media content are adding pressure. Digitalization creates opportunities Many of Tieto’s services for media companies can be implemented rapidly and with small investments as they are replicable cloud services. We help our customers by measuring and analyzing the efficiency of their products and services in an entirely new way. ”Simply measuring More information: www.tieto.com/industries/media info@tieto.com the number of clicks does not provide enough information,” says Maho. He emphasizes that digital content and availability must be measured in many different ways. It is also necessary to have the expertise required to utilize the results when producing and distributing new content and in advertising. Examples of our solutions Tieto TMCS is a secure, modular solution for processing, distributing and managing media material. This cloud service helps media companies to ensure high quality of the work in progress, quick delivery of material in correct format, reliable archiving and a real-time overview of their entire production process. The TMCS allows integration to other systems used in the publishing process. Tieto’s integrated, multi-channel advertising solution, Cross Advertising, makes the entire advertising process simpler and more efficient. The service covers printed advertising and online media advertising from sales to booking, planning, production and invoicing, enabling the user to manage multi-channel advertising packages from newspapers to online services. An efficient process means better service for the advertisers, more accurate monitoring of their investments and better opportunities for analyzing the results. ”We want to support the market position of the Finnish media companies in the face of international competition and develop services in close collaboration with our customers,” states Harri Maho.

BUSINESS there is no such thing as a typical media consumer The daily rhythm of a digital consumer Consumer and media use studies conducted at Next Media reveals how important it is to have a deep understanding of the consumer and his or her motives in the use of various channels and services. There is no such thing as a typical media user or a media day, but age and gender are the most significant factors in media consumption. ?K  ristiina Markkula, Federation of the Finnish Media Industry In late 2012Åbo Akademi University carried out an extensive online survey for Next Media, in which consumer behaviour, the routines of media consumption – as well as probable changes in these – were assessed. The survey examined media use as a whole, and especially the use of smartphones and tablets. Just under 1000 Finnish consumers between the ages of 15 and 80 took part in the survey. The main observations of the study were that age and gender remain the most significant factors in media consumption, and that ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 computers and televisions take up the largest part of our media days. A key factor in the results was the growth in the use of smartphones and tablets, which seemed to remain strong, based on intentions to buy and actual bying decisions in 2013. For this reason, the use of the media is increasingly dispersed. News applications are among the most popular, both on smartphones and on tablets. Staying up-to-date motivates the most Regional media companies have long lacked an overall picture of the media use of consumers in their own operational area. Tietoykkönen and the COMET Research Centre of the University of Tampere examined this in a pilot survey in the circulation areas of the newspapers Aamulehti, Kaleva, and Keskisuomalainen in the summer of 2013. The target group comprised people aged from 15 to 79 (N=903). The sample was equally divided in different areas and corresponded to the population in the region. While there is certainly a great deal of research available on different media, the fact that the research comes from different sources means that it is difficult to compare the relative consumption of these media in relation to one another. Furthermore, the regional size of the sam?? 43

BUSINESS ples has often remained too small. the ten most important media items. respondents using some device while In the research method built and For participants aged 16–19, as well watching television. General browspiloted at Next Media, the aim has as those aged 18–25, the most impor- ing of the internet is most common, been to bring the media to the same tant media items included books, along with the social media, or lookline in the study so as to make com- but topping the lists were Facebook, ing up TV listings online. Only 3% parison possible. YouTube, Google, e-mail, and tex- looked for more detailed informaAccording to the results, regional ting services – with 16–19 olds con- tion on products that were advernewspapers are still read mostly in a sidering blogs the most important tised. printed version (weekly reach 62%), media. During commercial breaks it is but reading the online version is also In older age groups the traditional most common to do something fairly common (30%). On the other media, such as printed newspapers, other than watch television. Generhand, use of the mobile version (4%) TV news, radio news, and books took ally people leave the TV space either and the online print replica version centre stage, but the list also included physically or psychologically. Advere-mail, Google, and Facebook. (3%) remain fairly rare. tisements are usually seen to be In the coming year respondents Of the six groups that were stud- annoying, with excessive repetitions. expected their consumption of digi- ied, readers of the Kotiliesi women´s Respondents feel that the volume of tal media to increase in the following magazine aged 45–55 were the least the advertisements is too high comtwelve months – not only in terms of likely to use the social media. pared with that of the programmes. how much they read online publicaAbout half of the respondents uttajien  käytössä   olevat   media-­?alustat were nevertheless ready to share tions, but also in the way they use the Consumers ready their personal profile information websites of the Finnish Broadcasting for targeted advertising Company (YLE) and the major com- An extensive survey conducted in (i.e. age, gender, hobbies, interests) mercial channel (MTV3) websites – the spring of 2012 examined TV in order to get better targeted adver914 including watching television online. viewing habits, the use of 2nd screen tising. On the other hand, there was 832 The respondents also expected to devices, and attitudes towards both less willingness to disclose to adver545 reduce their use of printed newspa- traditional and targeted advertising tisers one's profession, educational 586 – including advertising targeted at background, relationship status, or pers and television. 774 2nd screen devices. The study was information on children and conMore versatility in 574 conducted by the Technical Research sumption habits. Product and sermedia landscape 188 Centre of Finland (VTT) on about vice offers – together with prizes 12 In 2012 and 2013 Aalto ARTS studied 2500 members of a customer panel involving products – were among the experiences leading to commit- of TeliaSonera. the two most popular ways of motiment and engagement of various user The findings showed multitask- vating respondents to establish a groups toward different media, and the ing to be typical – with two thirds of personal interest profile. n=982 engagement experiences that are the Media platforms available to consumers most important for each user group. Qualitative studies have been made 1  % 12 93  % TVTV in several target groups, mainly on 19   % 188 Radio 85  % Radio the 48  basis % of age and the consump470 tion of a certain media product. The Laptop computer 79  % Kannettava   tietokone 55  % 545 sample in each involved 12 people. 58  % 574 Desktop computer 58  % Pöytätietokone There was a total of six target groups 79  % 774 Smartphone 55  % Älypuhelin that were researched. The number of 85  % 832 media items used by one consumer Newspaper subscription 48  % Sanomalehtitilaus 93  % 914 varied from 37 to more than 100 Tablet 19  % Tabletti – with people tending to follow an E-reader increasing number of media items as 1  % Lukulaite 982 they get older. 0  % 25  % 50  % 75  % 100  % What was significant was that the younger the age group, the fewer tra- A survey of the media day by Åbo Akademi University conducted by sending out an electronic ditional media were included among questionnaire at the turn of the year 2012/2013. 44 ? ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

BUSINESS Media consumption during the day The popularity of media genres at different times of the day at the turn of the year 2012/2013. *Media by smartphone/tablet – numbers divided by the number of smartphones (n=553) and tablet users (n=189). Other numbers calculated on the basis of the whole sample (n=982). Qualitative research Qualitative consumer research helps in the understanding of factors such as the relationship between media consumption and motivation, and also why consumers are committed users of a particular medium. One of the goals of consumer research is to help in the development of new concepts. In 2012 several qualitative studies were made on small target groups, mainly in the Helsinki region. A summary and reports on the studies can be found on the www.nextmedia.fi website under publications for 2013. Habits taken on when young have long-lasting effects Media consumption by young adults in the 21st century has developed in a fairly logical direction. It is clear that one´s experience of the media in one´s childhood home has a clear effect on one´s attitudes towards the print media, television and cinema later in life. If a readiness to pay for media content such as newspapers is instilled at an early age, then this is reflected ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 in an increased willingness to pay for content and services later in life. Growing accustomed to free content as a student reduces the willingness to pay. A longitudinal study conducted by the research institute VTT examined the media consumption of several young adults in 2004 and 2012, and on the impact of childhood media use on present consumption. A changing media environment also brings counter-reactions aimed at holding on to established habits and one's own persona. Reactions can include refusal to use Facebook, favouring non-electronic interaction, or adhering to the use of the print media. Consumer resistance These results are also supported by a study conducted by Aalto University School of Business on consumer resistance. Although it is important to follow the big trends in media use, users deviating from the trends can be interesting from the point of view of a supplier of content and services. Resistance often targets new technologies, or product or service innovations. Often new innovations emerge exceptionally quickly, but are then adopted agonizingly slowly. Aalto BIZ survey involved interviews with people who saw themselves as opponents of media innovations ranging in age from 20 to 50. Sharing of news in everyday life Another significant change is that few people now follow the news from one single source – with people instead following news from different media, throughout the day. The most frequent way to spread the news and to discuss events is still face-to-face interaction either with relatives, friends, or colleagues at work. News is also shared through social media, in which the motive can be the seeking of the common good, or the construction of one's own identity. Finally, it should be noted that these findings are the result of research by the COMET Research Centre at the University of Tampere. A survey conducted together with Tietoykkönen also supports these observations.n ?? 45

THEME AIHEEN NIMI TÄHÄN TULEE Technology for business • Combining technologies for innovative digital services • Co-innovating the future with consumers online Contact us! Caj Södergård Research Professor Tel. +358 50 553 9356 Caj.Sodergard@vtt.fi Olli Kuusisto Senior Scientist Tel. +358 40 737 0948 Olli.Kuusisto@vtt.fi Anu Seisto Research Team Leader Tel. +358 40 547 1609 Anu.Seisto@vtt.fi VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland is a globally networked multitechnological applied research organization. VTT provides high-end technology solutions and innovation services. We enhance our customers’ competitiveness, thereby creating prerequisites for society’s sustainable development, employment, and wellbeing. 46 NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

BUSINESS Digital paper reaches rural areas in the morning In many sparsely populated areas, the daily newspaper does not reach households until the daily mail is delivered, which can mean it gets to homes in the afternoon – with the weekend papers arriving only on Monday. In the digital age, a newspaper that is late does not encourage people to subscribe – with increasing delivery costs also reducing the attractiveness of such a subscription. Next Media has studied the possibilities of rectifying the matter with the help of a digital newspaper. ? Kristiina Markkula, Federation of the Finnish Media Industry As delivery and postage costs rise prohibitively high in many rural areas, digital editions of papers offer publishers a way out. Indeed there are trials underway in many parts of the country. It has been noted in studies by Next Media, that willingness to subscribe is significantly increased by digital early morning delivery. Main problems include how to find suitable terminal devices, and teaching customers how to use them. Using digital devices often requires teaching – sometimes at very close range. In April–May 2013 Lapin Kansa newspaper conducted an experi- Lisma 300 km Äkäslompolo 230 km Rovaniemi Haukitaipale 50 km During the trial, the Lapin Kansa newspaper was sent to tablets in 50 households in the villages of Äkäslompolo and Lisma, where the printed paper would not have arrived until the afternoon. NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 Photo Lapin Kansa, Jussi Leinonen. ment on delivery of the newspaper by tablet to the villages of Äkäslompolo and Lisma in Finnish Lapland. The experiment was not aimed at seeking a new product – the aim was to study the impact of earlier delivery on the reading experience on on subscriptions. Digital paper arrives on time In the experiment, 50 customers who were beyond the reach of early delivery were offered tablet computers and the Lapin Kansa online print replica edition for a period of six weeks. The experiment and its progress was also reported in the paper itself, and the readers were invited to keep tabs of what the experiences were. A full two thirds of respondents wanted to subscribe to the digital facsimile edition after the trial was over. Getting to read Lapin Kansa in the morning was a clear improvement on the former situation. The digital edition was seen to have other advantages as well: the papers do not pile up on a table, it is environmentally friendly, it is easy to carry along, and the text and pictures can be enlarged. Print replica as a replacement The newspaper Karjalainen implemented a similar trial on the edges of its own circulation area in the spring of 2013. Taking part in the test were 20 subscriber households in different parts of the North Karelia region. For the six-week test phase, the group were given tablets with the Karjalainen facsimile edition installed. The aim of the experiment was to ascertain if the print replica edition could replace or complement the paper edition, and how ready readers were to pay for it. As was the case in the Lapin Kansa study, the people involved appreciated the fact that the paper was available first thing in the morning. The facsimile edition was also received well as a new reading experience. Navigation within the paper and reading the stories was seen to be quite effortless. While some said that they found it harder to read long stories on the tablet, thirteen households felt that the facsimile edition could replace the printed paper. Members of the sample group would have been willing to pay 10–15 euros a month for the Karjalainen facsimile edition. HBL pioneers in digital experiment Before these two papers, digital distribution was also tried by the Swedish-language newspaper Hufvudstadsbladet, which studied in the spring of 2011 in the Åland Islands if subscribers to the printed newspapers would be willing to exchange their subscription for the electronic version. See pages 31–34. 47

MEDIA EXPERIENCE THEME BEST media experience Technology to help in measuring the media experience ON A TABLET Distribution via digital terminal devices has placed a number of new challenges for newspapers and magazines. One of the most difficult ones is the design of the layout of a digital publication. Terminal devices are significantly smaller than the original printed newspapers, which means that bringing forth the big picture, the priorities, and abundance is difficult, as is the planning of visual navigation. There are, however, a number of basic technical solutions to these problems. We brought media layout experts together with the researchers of media experience from Aalto University and VTT, with the aim of uncovering the differences in media experiences with the help of biosignals and eye-tracking technology. ? Eskoensio Pipatti, Next Media In printed publications, experienced professionals have long known how to create layouts that are appropriate for the content and context, and which produce good media experiences. However, digital terminal devices, and especially tablets, are so new that skills have not yet developed very far. The relatively small screen on tablets means that there is sig48 nificantly less space available than is the case with paper publications and the use of automatic templates is necessary in order to save on time and costs. The aim of the Next Media media experience project was to ascertain the construction of an optimal layout for digital terminal devices in terms of two criteria. Firstly the project sought to ascertain what kinds of template solutions would bring the best experience of hierarchy and experience. Also ascertained was the degree to which readers appreciate these characteristics in digital distribution. Second, the study looked at what kind of a basic structure of a digital publication is pleasing to readers, and if it is possible to find groups of readers with differing preferences. These tests were conducted using five different versions of Helsingin Sanomat – the printed paper, as well as four different digital versions. n NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

THEME MEDIA EXPERIENCE VARIATION OF ABUNDANCE AND HIERARCHY Five different layout models What is the best way to plan a layout for a tabletsized display so that it not only attracts your attention but is also dynamic? What is the best way to create a front page that entices users to read on? Answers to these questions were sought in the Next Media study through self-evaluation on the conscious media experience, and through measurements to gauge the unconscious, so-called psycho-physiological reactions. ? Matias Kivikangas, Aalto BIZ The planning of a layout is not an exact science. According to the famous planner Mario Garcia, there is no theory of newspaper design, and he does not yearn for one. On the other hand, he says that professionals develop by doing, by experimenting, and by learning form others. However, it is possible through scientific means to investigate the rules of thumb and assumptions of design professionals. Hierarchy and abundance In the Layout Alternatives study, the research question is: how do hierarchy and abundance affect the media experience in a digital terminal device? Hierarchy is the name given to the way that each news story is assigned a relative importance which is used to determine in which order NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 and size they then appear on the users device. The sense that the reader is being offered an abundance of articles is also important, conveying the sense that the publication has many interesting things to offer. These have functioned as part of the heuristics of professionals, but it has not been clear what their effect on the reader is in the new digital terminal devices in which the possibilities for their implementation are limited. The study tested four layout models for the front page of a tablet edition. In them the Four different layouts that were studied through the reactions and evaluations of readers. The most desired appearance was the programme automat- layout with high hierarchy and high abundance – top right. Hierically sought out the archy grows upward, and abundance to the right. latest news items each Layout matters day. The layouts were developed The scientific aim of the study was to into credible layout options for a get clear reactive feelings to the hitablet publication, and they varied erarchy and abundance – not merely between high and low abundance four different layouts. The difficulty and hierarchy. In addition to these in creating a model, which would was also a fifth option – a page with have both a large hierarchy and just a simple list of headlines. The small abundance, which was acaim of the latter was to have a refer- knowledged in advance, made perence point of minimal reaction from ception more difficult for readers, the reader to which other reactions which means that a watertight conto other formats could tehn be com- nection between the experience of hierarchy and abundance could not pared. The aim was to compare the read- be achieved in the measurements. ers' own assessments and their autoNevertheless, different layouts promatic emotional reactions – that is, voked different reactions. A layout what the readers themselves felt that with the greatest hierarchy and the they had experienced and how they greatest abundance (see photo, top right) received the most positive really experience different layouts. 49

MEDIA EXPERIENCE Continues from page 49 Variation of abundance and hierarchy feedback. One factor affecting this might have been that this layout resembles most the one which is used in paper publications and was therefore most familiar. Contradictions When the options were closer to each other, as was the case with the other layouts, the way the questions were formulated became more important. The option of a low hierarchy and high abundance (see photo, bottom right) got the second-highest points from the test subjects when evaluated alone, but when all alternatives were examined together, hardly anyone chose it as a layout for their own paper. Instead, readers chose the alternative, despite the fact that – when evaluated separately – it was no popular than the other layouts. It is interesting that the two versions the readers said they preferred were actually the very two versions that people were significantly less likely to stop and read. If the task of a front page is to guide readers to interesting stories as efficiently as possible, these two achieved it the best. The clearest conflict between the requested self-evaluations and the unconscious psycho-physiological reactions came out in connection with the option containing high hierarchy and low abundance (see photo, top left). It was seen to be the least interesting, but nevertheless, it was the most read and it provoked the strongest biosignal indications of attention. Apparently the large amount of text contained in the alternative attracted people's attention and to move from skimming to deep reading, even if they did not like the structure as such. n ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 Printed newspaper iPad-application Print replica Participants in the user tests compared five different versions of Helsingin Sanomat, the printed newspaper, and four digital versions. Browser newspaper HS.fi website Five different versions of a newspaper Many techniques are available for digital distribution. Tablets, reader applications, print replica editions, and browser papers seek to make the daily reading package available in different forms and with different degrees of usability. Helsingin Sanomat has all of these in its selection, so we put the different versions to the test and allowed the test subjects to compare them and report on their experiences. ? J anne Laine, VTT The way we read newspapers is changing –people are using the internet more, with electronic publications and news services constantly on the hunt for the best possible style and layout. The impact of layout – the form and manner in which news content is offered to the reader – can in many ways affect reading and the reading experience that the reader gets from the publication. We sought to ascertain what kinds of solutions were most appropriate to the electronic versions of ?? 51

MEDIA EXPERIENCE Share of participants (%) A –Helsingin Sanomat in print B– iPad application C – Print replica edition D –Daily newspaper (browser paper) E – HS.fi web page nevertheless preferred one of the digital versions to the printed paper. The tests – with their various phases and their eye cameras, questions, interviews, and comments – gave plenty of indications as to the differing reading habits and customs that people have. The tests also indicated that different layout versions matched the different reading styles among the readers in different ways. Web form divides opinions Order of preference Participants' preference distributions regarding the different versions of the publication. The bar grouping on the left shows what percentage of the respondents selected each magazine version as their overall preferred choice (group 1). The next bar grouping (group 2) shows what percentage of the respondents chose each version as their second best option, if their favourite option was not available. publications or news services. While electronic publishing undoubtedly offers a number of new possibilities and challenges, we still lack a deep understanding of the impact that different kinds of layout solutions have on the reading experience. Printed newspaper still the most popular User tests with many phases conducted in laboratory conditions gave comparative information on the reading experience of the five publication versions of Helsingin Sanomat newspaper. Test subjects, each in turn, read the printed paper as well as four different electronic versions, and answered questions. At the end of the testing – which took about an hour and a half – each participant in the test placed the publications in his or her order of preference. The first was the version that the person would choose if only one could be chosen. The last was the one that the person would accept as his or her only version of the publication only after the four others. None of the ways of offering and presenting the news articles to readers was overwhelmingly preferable 52 ? among the readers. The layout that was well suited to one way of reading the news did not meet the needs of another type of reader or reading habit. When individual versions were compared, the printed paper was the most popular choice. A tabloid format printed paper was chosen as the preferred alternative by 42 percent of the 40 people taking part in the test. Electronic versions prove popular Although each individual digital version fell considerably short of the popularity of the printed paper, according to these results, a majority (about 58 percent of respondents) Although the results show many kind of differences, the most significant dividing line that separated the two main groups of readers was the attitude toward the web style flow of news that is constantly updated. Readers in the one group liked both the printed paper and the electronic version that can be seen to originate from the tradition of the printed newspaper. The print replica edition, which uses the layout of the pages of the printed paper, was especially popular in this group. The web style presentation of news in the manner of HS.fi was not to their liking. There was, however, another significant group who enjoyed reading web style news. This group also appreciated the reading experience of the printed paper, but they did not see any reason for an electronic edition that mimics the printed newspaper. n A participant views and comments a video recorded with eye-tracking glasses during testing. The orange circle in the video view indicates the focus of the person's gaze. ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

MEDIA EXPERIENCE Getting tablet publications in shape with a ?H  arri Heikkilä, Sami Pekkala Aalto ARTS new heuristic model Researchers Harri Heikkilä and Sami Pekkala evaluating the new iOS and Android beta versions of the Helsingin Sanomat. The photo also shows a list of around thirty important findings. Tablet visuality and usability require a new way of thinking. A touch screen requires different approach than a website. In the Next Media project, researchers at Aalto University School of Art, Design and Architecture (Aalto ARTS) developed a method to improve the visuality and usability of new digital publications. Publications produced for touch screen tablets and mobile devices have increased tremendously over the last few years. Indeed, this trend looks set to continue into the future ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 – with the tablet market set to grow by 50% in 2014 alone. The new user interfaces in touch screens have been a challenge for readers and for designers, too: the development of established forms for the magazine and book content has only just begun. The new heuristic method developed especially for tablet publications is a useful tool for implementing good practises, which can improve publication quality and flawlessness at the development stage – as well as enhance user experience. The method has been utilised in many publications Tablet publication heuristics created in 2012 and improved in 2013 have been used in several design and renewal projects. Many tablet publications of the publishers like Otava, Bonnier and HBL have gone through this heuristic evaluation, but in the last year publishers like Sanoma News and Sanoma Magazines have worked intensively with the Media Concepts Research Group (MCRG) in Aalto ARTS in developing both current and forthcoming publications. The new iPad-publication of Helsingin Sanomat, the redesigned Metro newspaper, as well as the new digital Donald Duck app was developed in collaboration with researchers from Aalto ARTS. The heuristic assessment of the service started six months before the launch, so that the findings could be taken into ?? 53

THEMEEXPERIENCE MEDIA account when planning the next phase of the user evaluation and finalising the service. The evaluation of the tablet version of a children's book club was carried out only after the first release, so the corrections will be delivered through updates in later versions. Spot the errors The most common mistakes made in tablet publications are designing the touch areas too small in size, labelling them unclearly or placing them unergonomically. In addition, a better navigation experience needs to be provided – not only to ensure the reader has a clearer understanding of where they are in a publication – but also so that hints as to the functions on offer can be displayed. A good tablet publication should not be designed in the same manner as a website or a print publication. The best results are obtained by using the heuristic assessment iteratively, which means gradual development of the publication by successively evaluating the new releases. The iPad version of the Helsingin Sanomat supplement NYT was evaluated in the autumn of 2013. A problem was discovered with navigation: users must first know how to use the Pinch gesture before the Menu view appears. Also the students from Aalto ARTS participated in developing the new evaluation methods on a course where a dozen students assessed the mobile version of Me Naiset women´s magazine. ‘A highly practical way to present the findings. Offers good tools to achieve results quickly.’ Samuli Jakobsson, Development Manager at Helsingin Sanomat Interaction for tablet ads In addition to developing heuristics for tablet publications, Aalto ARTS has created an instrument for assessing the interactivity of advertisements on tablets. When the assessments as to the extent and activity of various properties are associated with ad viewing, it is possible to find out how interactivity affects the effectiveness of the ad. Compared to ads on web pages, a variety of additional ways can be used to attract the attention of the reader in tablet publications, and a special method needs to be used to evaluate them. The assessment takes into ac- 54 ? count both the versatility and strength of the used interactivity. The most important existing interactions in the tablet ads have beenmodelled using 19 variables. These include social interactions such as sharing and properties of the device such as use of the gyroscope and motion sensors as well as qualitative characteristics such as gameness. The assessment method is relatively simple and it even provides guidelines for the gradation of variables. ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

MEDIA THEME EXPERIENCE ‘The list provides a quick insight into the needs for development and it is easy to keep track of correcting the problems. The condensed format supports agile development better than a traditional fully comprehensive report.’ Maija Savolainen, Production Manager, Sanoma Media Finland Agile, iterative development The tablet heuristics developed at Aalto ARTS follows agile development principles. The study is not intended to last for months. The assessment of several versions should be accomplished within a few weeks. The new method does not favour broad reporting. Instead we need a short checklist with basic information as to the good practice that has been broken, its degree of severity, a description of the problem and a proposed solution with a screenshot. The method also involves a presentation where the most severe problems are reviewed together with the developer and the publisher. This checklist is also intended for internal use in the publishing house. In addition to the agility, the tablet heuristics differs in content compared to the older approaches. The heuristics of 90s were intended for progammes on the desktop computers of the time. They paid little attention to the essential issues from the point of view of publications, like navigation and readability, not to mention design issues special for touch screens. n NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 Product development in social media One of the key aims in the preliminary development for the digital Donald Duck service was to find ways to improve the user participation. Beta testing for Donald Duck project by Aalto ARTS took place on Facebook in June and July 2014. A couple of hundred people were invited to a closed Facebook group, and were asked about the service during a three week period. The researchers asked some questions about the service every day. Previously identified problems that had been found in heuristic evaluation emerged in the Facebook group as well. The three most important suggestions for improvement from the users were: • The application should be designed for both portrait and landscape use • A fluent reading experience requires better cohesion in the short stories • The loading times should be shorter Facebook worked well for locating errors and testing preconceptions. Obtaining quantitative information from questionnaires worked fine, but as regards to qualitative data, the comments were often so short that meaningful qualitative data was hard to extract. Sufficient resources should be provided for user testing and data collection when using the social media, and all forms of discussion needs to be encouraged. The initial size of the group must be big enough to ensure that there are no problems with the sample being so small that no realistic conclusions can be drawn. Aalto ARTS researchers ask questions in the Facebook download service user group. 55

BUSINESS involving users in development Prototyping new content concepts ?A  ino Mensonen VTT Phases of the Kaleva service development process from evaluating the concept to prototype testing through to a discussion process. Four publishers took advantage of Next Media's prototyping process to find new content concepts for digital devices. The development work made use of VTT's Open Web Lab, which lets users evaluate an idea from the concept level right up to a final working prototype for testing. When developing media concepts, it is important to understand the needs of users and include their evaluations in the development process from the beginning. They can be asked for ideas and about their needs and also provide feedback on concepts, various stages of prototypes, as well as further development for finished products and services. In this way, the chances of success for the final products and services will increase. In the Personal Media Hub 56 ? project new media service concepts and ideas were tested together with potential users at different stages of the product development cycle. In the cases of Turun Sanomat and Kaleva newspapers, testing started at the concept level and during the project service prototypes were developed. In KSF Media's case, the Swedish newspaper Hufvudstadsblabet's new digital service concept for an afternoon digital publication was tested (see pages 33–34). Alma Regional Media readers, in turn, evaluated first a service prototype (Helppo Aamulehti) and later the new format of a facsimile edition of Lapin Kansa. The long-term goal is to develop new service products for media companies and create new, innovative features for media products. OWELA supports agile development VTT's Open Web Lab (OWELA) was used in various stages of the ser- vice development. Owela is a web environment developed by VTT and consists of blog-based discussion tools, user diaries, chat, questionnaires and polls that can be combined for different innovation and design purposes. In addition to users already registered on Owela, it was decided to allow publishers' own customers to join in the testing process. More than 5,000 evaluators interested in co-development are already involved in Owela. The participants commented actively on the publishers ideas, and came up with additional ideas themselves. Discussions gave information not only about the everyday lives of readers – but also about their patterns of media use. The tests lasted for two to six weeks, after which feedback was requested. Not only were users active in sharing their opinions, but it was later announced that the testing of the Lapin Kansa print replica edition broke Owela's participation record. ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

BUSINESS are designed to be browsed horisontally – with the 24 most recent news items available. Users, though, proved to be creatures of habit and requested a traditional-style interface – at least to start with. The new service was difficult for users to perceive, they didn't know whether they had already read a story or not. An interesting finding was that a few of the evaluators used the application on mobile phones, even though it was not optimized for them in any way. Digital early-morning delivery Alma Regional Media's second concept test was performed for the Lapin Kansa facsimile edition. The experiments were carried out in two Lapland villages, Lisma and Äkäslompolo, where the paper version reaches households only in the afternoon or Helppo Aamulehti magazine is a prototype where you can browse the 24 latest news items and advertisements on a tablet horizontally. From idea to prototype Kaleva and Turun Sanomat started their development work at the concept level and tested their ideas at Owela in the first year using concept illustrations produced by User Intelligence. The illustrations were HTML pages that allowed participants to easily understand the ideas and comment on them. Based on the feedback, both media houses tested the concept first by mapping the needs of small group of users. The prototypes were then built based on user feedback and tested with larger number of participants. Readers' commitment to the prototypes Alma Regional Media and HBL were seeking feedback on a pre-planned service prototype. HBL had developed a new afternoon news concept which was evaluated by people who has critical attitude on using digital media. Alma Regional Media soughtdi feedback on two different concepts. NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 In the evaluation of the Easy Aamulehti prototype (helppo.aamulehti.fi), users gave feedback on a new kind of constantly updated news service. The prototype is still available as a beta version. Easy Aamulehti was designed as a fast-loading, user-friendly service, especially for tablet users. One key factor was to provide solutions for advertisers in which they would be able to find out how many users had viewed the adverts. As a result of this, there is no possibility to scroll down pages, neither are articles contained in different sections. Instead, pages Owela provides a platform of innovation for various stages of product and service development. The chart shows developed concepts in innovation process stages. evening. The test lasted for six weeks and during that time the users were given tablets for using the service. During testing, a considerable amount of qualitative data about the everyday life and media use of the participants was collected. In addition, the daily newspaper received feedback on the development of its editorial material. After the test period, all of the participants would have recommended the service to friends. n 57

THEME AIHEEN NIMI TÄHÄN TULEE YOUR SOUND DESIGN EXPERT AUDIO BOOKS POST PRODUCTION AUDIO GUIDES www.silencio.fi 58 ? ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

JOURNALISM reader reporters change processes Editorial team meets reader-produced content When readers are involved in content production, editorial processes also need updating. Researchers observed the work of the editorial and developed best practices. ?M  erja Helle, Aalto ARTS Different media are increasingly utilising readers and viewers in their content production in co-operation with professional reporters. In Finland, this field has been pioneered by the Sanoma City Newspapers unit which is now part of Helsingin Sanomat. For a period of four years, the Next Media programme followed the utilisation of content sent in by readers as well as the changes occurring in editorial work. Researchers at Aalto ARTS were even present in the daily work of the editorial team when they were developing new methods to improve work practices. Under the leadership of Heli Väätäjä, researchers at the Tampere University of Technology looked into the use of reader reporters and technical platforms. The most active become reader-reporters Readers were keen to play their part in creating content for Metro – with readers sending the paper over 35,000 photos in 2012 alone – most of which were taken on a mobile phone. Over 4,000 news stories were primarily based on tips or photos sent in by readers. The editorial team was pleasantly surprised by the number and quality of columns offered to Metro. During 2013, readers sent in over 600 columns, and the editorial team chose to publish 60 of them. The best practice for creating high quality content was to train some of ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 the most committed readers to work as reader-reporters. When a more fixed relationship is forged with these people, the newsroom can also actively request photos, short news stories and columns from them. Sixty reader-reporters participated in the training event organised by the researchers. Themes that came up repeatedly in the interviews were the importance of creating reader communities, the need for training as well as the ease of sending in photos and stories. Job descriptions and working methods change The new way of thinking revolutionised the editorial team's working methods. The primary focus for stories became the online publication, from which articles were picked for different newspapers and services. Planning meetings became obsolete, as the reporters were no longer at the centre of thinking up the news stories. In addition, the involvement of the readers on issues close to them meant that a smaller number of reporters could actually produce a greater amount of quality content. As a result of this the editorial team need to pay special attention to change leadership and staff motivation – especially the leadership of daily news reporting in line with the new strategy. Resistance to change in the editorial team Transition to the new way of creating content was not painless, as some of the reporters shunned the idea of including readers in content production. At first, many reporters only appreciated printed newspapers and complained about the decline of journalistic quality especially in online publications. The same trend has been visible internationally. This resistance can hinder the full implementaiton of the new working method. The researchers analysed ways of speaking that represented the resistance that managers should be sensitive to and attempt to eliminate. However, according to Janne Kaijärvi, who was the editor-in-chief of the city newspaper department at the start of the project, this kind of working method can be used to cut up to a third of the editorial team's costs. Unique way of working Reader participation on such a large scale is rare even at the international level. There have been experiments into reader activation elsewhere, but such enthusiasm on the part of the readers has not been encountered before. Few examples of similar reader reporter groups can be found in the world, especially when it comes to printed publications. The Metro newspaper is a member of the international Metro newspaper chain, which is the largest of its kind. It has over 17 million readers in 20 countries. The Finnish experiences have been transferred to places such as Montreal and Prague. n ?? 59

BIG DATA SA N SO S T OF WA C ME IAL DIA ?E  skoensio Pipatti Next Media RE SERVING MEDIA I AN Y AL TI PE CS L OG ID AT B TA YT E NT RN ET E A Big data has been a key area in the development of electronic services for a number of years already – with services like Google's search engine wholly reliant on the concept of big data. Next Media has utilised the data mining methods related to big data to process media content and to reach results that many media companies now use in their operation. ‘The applications have been published on an open source basis under the MIT licence’ 60 ? Big data means the processing of such large quantities of data that relational processing is no longer enough – with data mining methods required. In data mining, the processed data is split into pieces, and through the comparison and combination of these pieces it is possible to quickly make findings that would not be easily accessible without big data prosessing. Media content and their usege data, or logs, comprise just such big data. The most important utilisation areas for this data are in both the analysis of article content and in user behaviour. For example, articles can be automatically analysed for finding primary keywords instead of the cumbersome system of manual tagging that was previously used. At Next Media, this research work has been carried out in the Metropolia project, where ready-made applications have been created for media companies. Through the analysis of logs and content, it is possible to offer users more focused content in the right place at the right time. Another interesting application is the collection of possible article themes from the data flow at any given time, for example from the endless content flow of social media. It is important to get a real-time picture of online content because readers have gained more focus in content production. These types of algorithms have been developed in Next Media's Software Newsroom project. The goal of the project is to construct a so-called snapshot system that analyses the surrounding news flow and online content. Through methods of data mining, newsworthy items are sought from this information flow. ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

TECHNOLOGY Free-of-charge solutions – Juju, Huhu and Muru How can keywords be collected from text content without having to tag them manually? And not just keywords but proper names such as the names of people and places as well. How can I ?nd similar content to recommend at the end of an article being read? Next Media has developed applications for these cases and they are available to be used by everyone on an open source basis. Metropolia University of Applied Sciences has developed the open source applications Juju, Huhu and Muru. Anyone can freely utilise these applications. Further information is available at: https://code.google.com/p/juju/ https://code.google.com/p/huhu-p/ Automatic keywords Juju is an application that automatically finds keywords from texts. Its input data consists of documents and the optimal outcome is a list of keywords that describe the document's content well. Juju supports Finnish and English and can also restore inflected words to their basic form. The tool's functionality was tested using articles from Sanoma Magazines. The keywords suggested by Juju were then compared to those put forward by an information specialist. In one example, half of the words suggested by Juju matched those chosen by the expert. This result can be improved by increasing the size of the corpus used by the application. Keyword selection works best for factual texts. For fictional texts with ambiguous content, automatic content definition is a challenge that is not suitable for the keywording process as such. Using Juju does not require content training and the application can be taken into use very quickly. Keywords can be useful in searches, NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 recommendations, user profiles and data analysis. You can test Juju with your own Finnish material at: http://ereading.metropolia.fi/keyphrase.html Find proper names with Huhu Huhu is also an open source application, and it can be used for selecting out proper names from a text. Huhu recognises first name – last name combinations, calculates the number of their occurrences and converts the names to their basic form. Huhu utilises a list of known names. Huhu uses a list of known names when processing texts – so will not recognize new or unknown names. The Huhu tool has also been utilised in the development of the University of Helsinki's automatic news robot (see page 62). You can test Huhu with your own material at: http://ereading.metropolia.fi/JujuWeb/ people.html Muru sniffs out similarities Muru is a general-purpose similarity search engine that can be used both to compare different characteristics found in content and retrieve similar items. When applied to books, Muru can for example be used to find reading recommendations based on your favourite crime novel using search criteria such as the book's themes and the author's nationality or profession. With the help of rich metadata, surprising dimensions can be uncovered from the content. The central innovation of Muru is a multi-feature architecture that processes the material's different features as independent data groups. This architecture enables the user to focus on different perspectives, and then get to grips with the detail of the content. Muru can also be used to recommend and search for content. This, in turn, opens up new avenues of research as Muru can be used to easily analyse the kinds of words people use to recognise similarity of news articles. Muru is being used in Next Media in a project for conducting content-based book searches and retrieving newspaper content from archives. As a recommendation tool, Muru offers a solution to the socalled cold start problem, where new content cannot be recommended to a previously unknown user. Juju, Huhu and Muru have been published on an open source basis under the MIT licence. – Olli Alm, Metropolia A text keyworded with Juju that has been modified with Tagul into the J shape 61

TECHNOLOGY Corpus - a key for textual understanding Big data processing of textual content requires a large amount of textual material that is split into parts and converted into a corpus, an image of language. This corpus is used as a point of comparison when new documents are analysed. With the help of the corpus, meaning can be found from a new text: what the text is about, what keywords it holds etc. A corpus is typically made out of thousands of text documents. For best results, the corpus needs to be wide-ranging and understand the special characteristics of the target content. In information retrieval applications, the central differences of texts can be highlighted when the corpus is built from the documents of the result set itself. For example, in the processing of news articles, Next Media has used news agency STT's extensive news material archive for several years as well as content from local newspapers for local news. In other projects, magazine content is required. Similarly, if analysing the language used when talking about society, then Wikipedia articles are an excellent source. Legal language, on the other hand, can be studied using the Finnish law. 62 Automatic news robot In the ever quickening world of news reporting, monitoring online activity is a growing challenge that takes up a lot of time. Next Media has been developing an automatic news robot that ?lters through online content and attempts to ?nd information that is useful to the editorial team faster and better. This also requires big data methods. The tool being developed in the Software Newsroom project is aimed at helping the editorial team with background work by combing through online content in search of newsworthy discussions and their background - as well as finding links to relevant, related material such as organisations, places and people. With further development, this news robot could even write articles automatically; there are already news writing applications for structured information such as sports results. However, writing about freer topics requires as much intelligence from the machine as mechanically understanding the text, which makes it quite a challenge. Corpus from news agency STT and Metro The news robot's algorithms must be taught topics, words and connections. For this, STT's news archives and material from Metro newspaper were used. One of the greatest challenges in its development has been that the language used in social media and discussion forums is worlds apart from the language used in news content and general texts analysed by language Language used in online content must first be ‘translated’ into Finnish in order to enable automatic processing. Picture of an online service that was used to get translations for over 5,000 slang words. software. Online slang, for example,must first be translated into standard language. This translation project was carried out using crowdsourcing. Standard Finnish translations were collected from online users for spoken language, dialect and slang utterances so that the applictions would be able to understand them. Each word was translated by several people to obtain the best possible correspondence. Even though the application cannot yet write news articles independently, it can already recognise trending topics in online discussions and find related background information. By combining these weak signals, the news robot can sniff out newsworthy topics and different types of phenomena much earlier than we would normally become aware of them. – Katri Grenman, VTT A beta version of the news robot with a search using proper names to find trending themes as well as links to the most recent online documents. NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

TECHNOLOGY pioneering the development of newsml By exchanging planning data between organisations, predictive layouts can be made to automatically bring images and texts to their assigned spots. On the left, the article's elements are planned, in the centre a suitable layout is selected, and on the right, the layout is created automatically for the finished article. Practical application of planning data between newspapers Automatically from planning to layout Exchanging planning data between the publisher and the external content producer reduces overlapping. When an article is agreed on, the central information – length, images, graphics – are fed into the system in advance. When the article is delivered, the different elements have their slots ready, and the final layout only needs to be fine-tuned. ?H  annele Antikainen In order to make editorial work more efficient, news agency STT-Lehtikuva have studied the exchange of planning data related to articles and images between newspapers and other customers in the SuTi project. Finland is ahead of other countries in this kind of news planning. Contributions to standards The SuTi project has developed the sharing of future planning data according to the structured NewsML standard. In addition to extending the standard, the project has also been developing an application for free-form information exchange that can be linked to editorial systems. This application also offers the possibility of giving feedback on plans. In this way the system can support the newspaper's predictive creation, which leaves more time for fine-tuning and handling excep? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 tional circumstances, both with regard to STT co-operation as well as other types of content acquisition. STT currently delivers planning information in the form of one text document four times a day. During the development work, STT was in regular contact with IPTC (International Press Telecommunications Council) and its members to ensure that national additions and changes to NewsML are not in breach of the standard. They have also discussed the need for changes with IPTC on a wider scale. At the same time, system provider Anygraaf (see page 38) has also extended its editorial system with planning data management. A non-system-specific method of presenting planning information was developed alongside practices for exchanging planning data between editorial systems. The goal of the SuTi project has been to create standards for the exchange of planning and content data. This has risen from the need to boost news reporting at the national level as well as reduce overlap between newspapers. Exchange of planning data has been tested with Anygraaf 's test system, but the goal is to create standardised solutions independent of any specific system. With this in mind, the NewsML standard – which is maintained by IPTC – was chosen. This standard is ideal given the ease with which it allows users to exchange data about news content. This type of metadata enables the receiving party to deliver detailed specifications to the authoring party – as well as to make use of planning data for example in layout automation. Examples of planning data are the article's point of view, types and lengths of articles planned as well as information on illustrations. Content processes like this, which cross organisational boundaries, require common rules to enable predictive, or even automated, layout. In 2013, the SuTi project decided to focus on image content – as NewsML had not previously supported the delivery of images with planning data on a sufficient scale. In addition to this, development work has been carried out in groups related to content, technology and business. n ?? 63

JOURNALISM open data as a power source Data journalism goes mainstream ?E  sa Sirkkunen, University of Tampere, COMET A popular example of good data journalism, Helsingin Sanomat analysis on governmental lobbyists. Database format data in articles gets a completely new meaning when new information is combined from large information masses and visualised interactively. When societal information becomes open, data journalism utilising it can produce high quality content that is popular among readers. While many Finnish editorial teams have made data journalism become mainstream, others are still discussing how and what types of data content to use. There is only a handful of data journalists in Finland but their number is very much on the rise. The Tampere Research Centre for Journalism, Media and Communication (COMET) has conducted several studies on data journalism with Next Media. The findings clearly highlight that data journalism is highly beneficial to media companies. Data journalism can be used to find and illustrate previously hidden news topics or societal processes and thus improve the quality of journalism. time spent with articles and diversifies the ways of expression available to journalists. Data journalism also adds to the transparency of journalism, as the material on which the article is based is often published so that anyone can check it. This increases the public's trust in journalism. Other companies might also be interested in the data material collected by media companies, which can lead to financial gain. In addition, the media companies can utilise activity created around open data, such as by organising special workshops (hackathons) to create new types of articles and important contacts to experts in the field. supplemented with coders and visualists. In large editorial teams such as those of Helsingin Sanomat newspaper and the public broadcasting company YLE, the team's own resources are sufficient for carrying this out, which leads to good results and interested readers. It remains to be seen how smaller editorial teams are able to take on data journalism and whether production companies focusing on data journalism will be created in the field. However, training is required even in larger organisations, as investments are increasing and more and more journalists are specialising in data journalism. Interactive content Training is needed Online articles are often published in an interactive format that invites readers to explore and try out new content. This, in turn, increases the There are also problems related to data journalism. Editorial teams need more training and resources, and the team of journalists must be As per its name, open data is open – meaning free and unlicensed – data published by public administration or companies. Nordic legislation on the openness of information and the 64 ? Open data as the starting point ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

JOURNALISM increasing use of open data has created a basis for new types of content in media, as well as services and new fields of business based on them. Data journalism is not the only area where open data is used. For example, a new kind of ecosystem has emerged in the largest cities where the public and the private sectors co-operate in creating better services and business opportunities. These include Forum Virium in Helsinki and Open Data TRE in Tampere. Another new feature is that activists interested in the openness of data are standing alongside journalists to produce societally relevant information. According to experts interviewed by the COMET research centre, when data is made open, special attention should be paid to make it as clear, coherent, well-documented and machine-readable as possible. In search of new business models Aalto University's School of Business has studied what kinds of business models can be used to enable companies to work with open data, what kinds of challenges companies can face and what kinds of common success factors can be identified. The team collected information by interviewing companies utilising open data as well as by conducting a case study on the local media in Huittinen (see page 41). Companies are utilising open data in various ways – and together with commercial sources. However, the data in itself is not valuable without an application to refine and utilise it. Business utilisation has thus far been scarce, and many companies are still searching for the best business models. Not all application producers have been aiming to create new business models – with some developers ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 Data journalism at Helsingin Sanomat The practice developed and tested during the Next Media project led to organisational changes at Helsingin Sanomat. A data desk was founded for the creation of data journalism. ? E sa Mäkinen, Helsingin Sanomat In 2013, many of the most popular articles on the Helsingin Sanomat website were examples of data journalism. Career selection engine, name engine and the municipality comparison index all received a lot of attention. The report on Finnish lobbyists and reports on connections to tax havens were societally significant. Data journalism, or journalism on the Internet's terms, made a breakthrough in 2013, when the Finnish Broadcasting Company (YLE) founded its own data unit, and MTV3 announced that its investigative team was to focus on data journalism. The universities of Tampere and Jyväskylä offer courses on data journalism, and even universities of applied sciences are interested in the topic. The editorial team's own data desk The Helsingin Sanomat data desk was founded in the summer of 2012. Its founding was preceded by development work within the Next Media project. Helsingin Sanomat decided to conduct a year-long trial to see whether data journalism functioned in the predicted way and whether it would prove popular enough. The results were positive and the unit was made permanent during the summer of 2013. The HS data desk works on two principles: the unit both helps reporters with data acquisition and analysis and also conducts data journalism on the Internet's terms. The goal is to create wide-ranging data-driven articles as well as to publish articles and additions related to current news events quickly. Speed is the key Next Media focused its development on speed – seeking to provide quality visualisations of news applications. For these news applications, the data desk has developed article templates that can be used to quickly create standard graphs, images, quizzes, tables, timelines and other similar data. When the editorial team or the data desk comes up with an idea for a news application, it can be finished in less than fifteen minutes. The goal is that an idea can be developed into a finished article within one working day. Esa Mäkinen, News Editor, Data journalism, Helsingin Sanomat working in this field simply because they find it interersting Companies face challenges such as the lack of knowledge on public administration, surprising changes in programming interfaces and the lack of funding to encourage development. n In addition to media companies, there are many other links in the open data value chain. Big data applications are not only found in newspapers, however, with bus timetables and map services being two other well-known examples. Tampere's Nysse application can be seen in the image. ?? 65

Digital newspapers and automatic layout Automatic content layout that is suitable for all devices requires a lot from both the system and algorithms controlling the layout. In Next Media's project, open source code methods for the automatic layout have been developed. ?H  annele Antikainen, VTT Layout automation begins with knowledge of the publication's content structure and the end result is a ready application either online or on a tablet. The Aalto University School of Science (Aalto SCI) has conducted longterm research on how digital newspapers and magazines could be made as easily as possible. Co-operation partners include e.g. Sanoma Magazines Finland (SMF), Anygraaf, STTLehtikuva and Sanoma News. Image colour palette and importance mapping Image analysis methods were developed with applications such as colour palettes and importance mapping. A colour palette can be divided into two - both the image's main and background colours. Later, the image's most saturated colours - or those closest to the desired brand colours - can be used in the layout in accordance with e.g. the headline's style template. One of the applications of importance mapping is to ensure that a headline that is placed on top of an image does not cover anything important, such as a person's face. Importance mapping can also be 66 ? used when cropping images so that they fit - in both landscape and portrait form - on the screen of devices such as an iPad. Recognisable content types A central part of modelling is distinguishing between content and its manner of representation. Previously, this was carried out at Aalto SCI separately for each publication and project. Additional development was required to enable the use of the same model in several publication channels. The goal of the study was to construct a general content model for newspaper and magazine content that would also cover the requirements of digital publication channels. Similar modelling-related requirements alos apply to the exchange of planning data. During the project the content of over fifty Sanoma Magazines' publications was analysed. The developed content model is article-based, which means that additional content linked to articles – such as sidebars – can be treated as independent, while also being linked to the main article. This helps with the automatic layout of additional content on different devices. In addition to content elements, the model also covered issues related to the departmentalisation of articles. Promising test results Automatic layout and image workflows were tested with the content of Tietokone magazine. iPad content created using the Anygraaf layout automation software was compared with content produced manually on the Woodwing application. In user tests, the test users did not notice that layout automation had been used. The publication platform of the magazine with automatic layout was a native iPad application called Baker, which enables HTML5 based content to be shown. The style template it uses can be adjusted depend? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

TECHNOLOGY High quality resizing and cropping of images requires understanding of their contents. In the image you can see the different phases of the analysis that results in different size options and the colour of the title and the initial. ing on whether the article contains images, videos or just text. Available for all The same technology was also used when publishing the Aalto University concept magazine - which was actually produced in co-operation with the same team that work on the conventional, printed magazine. The printed magazine's graphic designer also designed the style templates to be used with the automatic layout of the digital magazine. The concept magazine is available at AppStore and online. An alternative to the iPad application is the Stage Framework web application, which was also developed at Aalto SCI. It enables the same HTML5-based content to be published online without the limitations of app stores. Stage Framework was published under the MIT licence, which means that all publishers can use it free-of-charge in their commercial activities. n Image analysis and editing are key to automation Layout automation for different types of devices is highly challenging if the user lacks the methods required for understanding images. Most images can be automatically resized. Different versions are needed for vertical and horizontal displays, the table of contents requires a smaller size, and all of this might need to be redone for tablets and mobile phones. Resizing alone might not always be enough and images might also need to be cropped. This requires an understanding of the image's contents. Software must distinguish the important content from the less important so that cropping will not, for example, remove a part of someone's face. Aalto SCI has been developing algorithms for this purpose to be used in layout automation. The same methods can also be used if headlines need to be placed on top of images. The headline must be placed so that it only covers the background of the image and not anything important. Colour palette analysis can also be beneficial to layout automation – and ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 can also prove invaluable in processes such as choosing colours for headlines and graphics. The colour palette is also useful in handling image archives. A photo's lifespan is extended if the image archive can be utilised in many ways. Aalto SCI also developed an image search tool based on previous work. It was tested using an image archive of 10,000 images. The search is conducted using algorithms developed during the Next Media project. The first stage of an image search involves using a keyword, after which results can be whittled down by using information about colour, texture, layout or even the position in the image of the main subject. ?? 67

PROFILING portable profile Personalised and predictive services Portable profile platform and its components. User information can be obtained from social media services, manually entered by the user and from service provider's systems. There is currently a strong trend for services that take into account or even predict user interests and current and future situations. They require a versatile user profile that can be created from information on the use of several different applications – as well as basic information given by the user. ? Sari Vainikainen VTT Next Media projects have developed methods for focusing content and services based on a user-specific interest profile as well as place and context. Another crucial factor is that of a user-controlled profile that is portable between different services: the user creates and maintains a profile in one place and can use it or parts of it in different services based on the user's own preferences. VTT's portable pro?le The VTT profile service developed in Next Media research programme enables the creation, control and use of portable profiles. VTT's profile service has been designed with methods for the semantic enrichment of content and profile information. This involves firstly identifying both the keywords and the contexts in which these keywords are used, and then using this information to provide recommendations tailored to the user. 68 An example of a recommendation could be another album by the same artist or albums by other similar artists – or, alternatively, use keywords and other information to offer the user other related content. When keywords and data related to context are used in this set-up, then different services can understand the profile in the same way. Prototype application VTT's profile service and its methods have been applied to the Events and Mediatutka mobile applications to recommend different types of content such as magazine articles, event information, television programmes, films and news articles. The aim of the Events project was to create a multi-channel event information service prototype for mobile, online and digital television interfaces. The beta version of the Mediatutka application was created to support predictive services and content recommendations from several content sources: Forum Virium's StadiTV content, skimm.tv's TV guide, Helmet.fi's feed on new videos for loan, Metro's news and emergency call information. The Mediatutka prototype gave recommendations as well as automatic alerts based on the user's location and interests. Alerts were given about a range of different events such as emergency calls near one's home, StadiTV videos recorded near the user's location or news articles. Additionally, one other interesting application involved sending the user alerts about libraries near the user's location with videos for loan that might be of interest. Usable by third parties Third parties can use the user profiles in their own services with the user's consent. In addition, an interface has been developed for REST API – thereby making it easier to use third party applications to create, oversee and update user profiles. With the user's consent, the profile can also be created by analysing the user's social media content on services like Facebook and TwitNEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

PROFILING The Mediatutka mobile application gives recommendations on content based on the user's location and interests. It was also used to test the automatic delivery of emergency call information based on the current location or sites that are important for the user. Event information application for mobile and HbbTV environments. The application recommended events based on time, location and user interests. In addition, the user could see which events their friends are participating in. ter. This is made possible by taking avantage of both manually entered keywords and ready-made role templates. Information related to one's family, career and other interests can be modelled based on user information. The more the user is able to take advantage of the same profile, the more motivated they are to work on that profile, which, in turn, makes it all the more versatile. This is an advantage as versatile profiles make it easier to decide upon – adn develop – services that are better suited to the needs the development of services that are better suited for the needs and situation of the user. VTT's methods for semantic metadata enrichment and recommendations were successful in the international MediaEval competition, as they were able to find the most events and related user images from the competition's content. n Anonymous and light recommendation system VTT's patented UPCV (Ubiquitous Personal Context Vectors) method is light, is does not analyse but distributes random values between content elements and users, when the user and content element meet. A recommendation application can be made in a heavy way by first analysing content, logs and user activity and then creating profiles for content and users based on this information. UPCV, however, does not maintain large databases but it collects and stores data that can be complemented with a predetermined set of random values. In UPCV, each user and service – or part thereof, for example a single news article – has its own store of NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 random values. For example, when a reader reads a news article, the system copies numbers from the news article's random values to the user's store and vice versa. When there are enough of these events, the random values in the user's store begin to form a user profile influenced by all the services that have been used. Similarly, the random values of a service or content are influenced by all the users that have chosen them. When arriving on a news site, the user's random values are compared with those of all the news articles, and recommendations are made based on the similarity of available articles. UPCV recommendations can be used with any kinds of content or even people, and random values can even be exchanged when people meet. This type of recommendation is beneficial in many ways: the user does not need to enter clear user information, only a set of random values that do not reveal the person's preferences. Next Media developed a small program, only 58 kilobytes in size, from UPCV to be used by media companies. This recommendation method has been tested in news services and book clubs, where its impact appears to be good. – Ville Ollikainen 69

Research and training. With experience and ambition. uta.fi/comet Research director Pentti Raittila +358 400 615 212 pentti.raittila@uta.fi Project manager Satu Seppä +358 40 190 4131 satu.seppa@uta.fi Project manager Pia Sivunen +358 50 595 1074 pia.sivunen@uta.fi School of Communication, Media and Theatre, University of Tampere

BUSINESS Aims are high in multimedia research The digitization development has meant an increase in the number of media channels available. Marketers require information on the relationships between these channels – so that they can make informed business decisions. With this in mind, Next Media set itself the ambitious target of creating a common 'exchange rate' for the different media currencies. ?H  annele Antikainen, Olli Kuusisto, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Media currency is a way of indicating the potential value of a given media's advertising space. In the case of newspapers, this value corresponds to the number of readers, television channels can calculate this figure by determining the number of viewers and with online services the number of visitors to a given site. Combining these is much like comparing apples and oranges. The problem is that currency studies, such as the Finnish National Readership Survey and the TV Audience Measurement, are not comparable to one another. Data collection is implemented using different methods, and the studies produce information in different cycles. The Finnish media market has four official media currencies and also a group of other significant media surveys that are used to purchase or sell space in the media. Next Media's Mobime project The Mobime project explored opportunities to develop an intermedia currency that would produce comparable information on the reach of different media. According to Katariina Uljas-Ahl of Dagmar, the development of joint currency for the purchasing of different media is not real? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 istic without a deeper understanding of overall media consumption. According to the buyers of media advertising, the need for a common currency is reduced as the productivity and effectiveness of media advertising is measured with increasing accuracy by other studies and methods. Yet one should also be aware of the challenges media research faces – including the constantly changing nature of the media sector, the diversification of media consumption – as well as the expansion of the very definition of what media is. By this, Uljas-Ahl refers to the wide spectrum of media that has emerged alongside traditional media. Increasingly, the involvement of consumers takes place via smaller and more targeted measures, which can not easily be included in intermedia surveys. Combining currency studies In the Mobime project, researchers tested the fusioning of data from Finnpanel's TV Audience Measurement and TNS Gallup's TNS Atlas survey. According to a heuristic study conducted by VTT, the Technical Research Centre of Finland, TV viewing patterns could be predicted based on data from the Atlas study. Progress in the Nordic countries Anna Viljakainen of VTT has analysed success factors and challenges related to the design of multimedia studies in other Nordic countries. Other Nordic countries have succeeded in developing studies for local advertising markets where they combine the relative value of media currencies in use in the sector with qualitative information about the media day of consumers. Viljakainen interviewed experts in the field that had been involved in designing joint studies or had otherwise participated in the development work within the sector. The creation of multimedia surveys requires cooperation – indeed there is clearly a strong correlation between the development process and the individuals working on a given project. Focus on the consumer The media industry is shifting increasingly towards service business – with the aim of increasing competitiveness. Consequently, studies that shift the focus away from the media itself and towards the consumer and the role of the media in the daily life of consumers will increase their significance. n ?? 71

IN BRIEF One day's activities of an individual consumer on the screen of a smart phone AUTOMEX APPLICATION A diagram on the structure of a prototype system for measuring media consumption Context-aware monitoring of media consumption The Next Media project has developed methods fthat don't only make the automatic monitoring of media use by consumers easier, but also provide information about the context in which the media are used. ? Ville Könönen, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland You only have to look around you to see that pople are using digital terminal equipment more and more when accessing media. Traditional methods of measuring media use are no longer enough. Insted, a system is needed that can register the use of digital media throughout the day – while also seeking to incorporate information concerning the use of traditional media such as TV and newspapers. A prototype for automatic monitoring was developed in Next Media that also accounts for the context of media use forms a comprehensive picture of the media day of a consumer. It is based on effective combination of data obtained from different sources. 72 This system – called Automex – uses an application which analyses the usage patterns of a mobile device – using data available to it to track whether the user is at home sleeping, on their way to work or somewhere else – using which mode of transport – at lunch or returning home. The device also allows for the recognition of the social context, i.e. other mobile devices nearby. On top of the context element, there is a layer that monitors the device's usege of digital media. Use of other media can be reported via an electronic media diary also provided by Automex. Useful analysis of the media day of consumers The automatically collected data can be transformed into graphic presentations and analyses. Once the data on the daily routine of digital media users has been processed, Au- The typical routine of a test subject on a normal working day. tomex can provide useful information for the planning of new media concepts. The prototype has been tested alongside a consumer survey on local media use. The main focus of the survey lies in technical testing of the prototype, but at the same time, promising results were obtained on the efficiency and accuracy offered by Automex. n One of the pioneers of mobile monitoring of media use has been the UK-based company IPA TouchPoints, which collects information on the media use of consumers and its contexts using a panel consisting of a representative sample of 5,500 individuals. Corresponding multimedia studies are also being carried out in the Nordic countries. Mobile operators in Finland, too, have begun to conduct far more research on media use than the studies organised by media houses concerning the use of own products. The latest example of this is the Street Talkers mobile panel, which was designed by JCDecaux and the customer-insight agency Kopla Helsinki and launched in February. One of the advantages of a mobile panel is that, unlike a traditional consumer panel, it also reaches the consumers when they are out and about. NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

IN BRIEF Optimal viewer experience with 3D content Google Glass – a channel for the future? Smart glasses feeding digital information directly to the consumer's field of vision are expected for consumer use soon, with Google as one of the manufacturers. Such devices will be responsive to one's environment – with the content at any given time tailored to the location of the user. The glasses will also know when not to provide unnecessary content – with only the most essential information being provided for users on the move to ensure they do not become distracted. Aspects crucial for the success of a service provided for smart glasses include the correct identification of the use situation and resulting dynamic adjustment of the content. For businesses in the field of media, smart glasses offer a new way to reach and interact with their customers, and a means to provide them with a genuine sense of here-and-now. This enables them to mediate location-specific, real-time and personalised content that serves both advertising and journalism. The business around smart glasses requires a whole ecosystem – one containing the organization that seeks to advertise, an advertising agency, a service provider, a technology supplier and a publisher. The strength of media companies lies in their local knowledge, an aspect around which smart glass services must be constructed. In Next Media's Hyperlocal project, researchers tested Google's smart glasses and explored possible earnings models for media suited for the product. Onix describes books Onix for Books is a widespread metadata standard for describing and delivering book related metadata. In the eReading project, an open source delivery platform JOnix was developed for managing and distributing Onix metadata. JOnix consists of two parts: a web iclient (JOnix web app) and server backend (JOnix platform). JOnix web app NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 In order to create a pleasant user experience, it is crucial to optimise factors such as the inter-ocular distance, i.e. the distance from the centre of one camera lense, or eye, to another. The optimal value for this depends on the screen technology in use and also exactly where the screen is being used. The optimisation is essential, as a 3D effect that is not significant enough brings no added value to the viewer and, in fact, a too large a shift in image perspectives may strain the eyes and appear irritating to the viewer. The adjustment of depth or dimension is made possible by altering the distance between stereoscopic cameras. Impacting the viewer's emotions In the Stereoscopic 3D project (S3D), the experience created by three dimensionality was measured in different contexts of use: in movie theatres, homes and mobile use. The comparison of different situations is important because of the way that the perception of depth is altered when viewing distance or the size of screen is changes. The perception of depth can be used to convey emotions and the general atmosphere of the locations where the story takes place in a more effective manner. A central finding was that by increasing the perception of depth, it is possible to improve the experience, particularly when using mobile devices with small screens. On the whole, the results indicate that the production of good and cost-efficient content requires that 3D script covering all device platforms is prepared alongside the actual script for the movie. Growing 3D market The selection of devices for viewing 3D content available to consumers is expanding. The devices currently on offer include 3D televisions, video projectors and laptops - while experiments have also been carried out with tablets and smart phones. 3D content is currently topical with a key role to play in the future of all forms of media, from movies and television to network and mobile equipment. Movies and game content are paving the way for growth. can be customised to support organisation-specific needs for managing specific subsets of the Onix model. The server acts as a storage platform that also validates the data, keeps track of changes made (versioning) by authorised users. In addition, a set of JOnix servers can form a distributed server network for automatically delivering Onix messages across organisations by rules defined for each server. The JOnix architecture provides a framework for managing Onix metadata in the cloud both for internal organisation use and delivery between organisations. The application has also been published as open source code under a GPLv3 licence. 73

THEME IN BRIEF HTML5 in Next Media Augmented reality enriches news and advertisements VTT have worked together with a range of industry specialists to produce the Mobile AR City Guide application. This new application uses the latest information from Metro. fi to tell the user all about the very latest local news and events. Augmented reality technology is used to create a link between the digital and the real world — in this case, news and event information may be browsed on a map, or directly visualised onto the physical environment using a mobile phone camera. This allows the user to experience the information corresponding to where they are by actually seeing it with their own eyes. News on the map The city guide application was designed to help users find hyperlocal events and services using augmented reality. Additionally, the application allowed the user to see where the news events took place on the map. Alongside the ready-made news and events content, users were also able to add messages and pictures to the map themselves. 74 The city guide application was tested in several stages. The trials showed that, in addition to enjoying the access to entertainment opportunities that the app provided, users also particularly valued feelings of control, success an togetherness. It should also be noted that the users said they benefited from using the app in their spare time – with information on local events and local businesses seen as a very useful possibility. A capacity challenge One of the main challenges facing AR technology is that of ensuring fast and reliable data tranfer. Because the applications are used on mobile devices, using the technology requires data transfer speed and reliability from the mobile network. The strengths of augmented reality in media applications are its playfulness and unpredictability and the user interaction with technology. The applications are mostly free of charge because they offer advertisers an opportunity to get really close to the consumers. n HTML5 is the latest version of the commonly used HTML markup language used to make web sites. HTML5 expands, improves and rationalizes document description language. It also introduces new Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) that can be used for complex web applications suitable for a variety of platforms. The research in the early stages of the Next Media project looked at whether HTML5 would be able to implement similar web based experiences as native applications. As the research progressed it was noted that HTML5 brought a range of benefits speeding up the pace of application development, especially in platform independent technology. The most significant features of HTML5 to come to light during the Next Media research project have included the separation of content and appearance, and the ability to make use of of local browser memory for offline solutions. As web and JavaScript have developed, we have also seen results in the development of responsive layout. Several applications have been implemented with a view to tablets and smartphones. One of the challenges regarding newspapers is finding a balance between automated content production and attractive layout. With regard to e-books HTML 5 has been used for developing online reading programs. NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

VIEWPOINT The Straits of Messina is behind us! the next media program was from the outset designed as a national, precompetitive, industry driven research and development venture that would produce tangible solutions for the industry as well as scientific and academic results on an international, high level. This means that it was immediately doomed to navigate the narrow, foggy straits between Scylla and Charybdis – two horrible monsters with an insatiable appetite. On one side, there is the many-headed Scylla, the media industry, with a multitude of competing companies – each one eager to snap up every potentially useful scrap of research. Companies need results now, not in five years, results that are very concrete and immediately monetizable, preferably also giving each participating company a comNils Enlund Professor Emeritus petitive edge. The companies will also do everything they can to make the project serve their own immediate needs and to hide the most useful results from others. And, if a certain researcher proves to be exceptionally competent, there will certainly be attempts to hijack her or him from the project. on the other side, the program has to steer free from Charybdis. The enormous gap of academia is able to completely swallow everything that comes in its way. It will take any idea, turn it into a four-year dissertation project involving diligent literature studies, theoretical and methodological investigations, careful empirical tests, thorough statistical analyses and incomprehensible reports. When the original idea has passed the digestive system of the academic monster, out will come excellent new ideas and knowledge that most probably is not of any immediate use to the industry, and a few highly qualified academic graduates that are not immediately employable. Of course I am exaggerating. Nowadays, most commercial companies understand the need for serious academic research where the results may be fully exploitable only after many years. Likewise, most universities understand the need to work closely together with industry, producing both intermediate results concerning real problems as well as purely scientific results. still, balancing a large research program between the interests of industry and the After more than twenty years as media technology professor in Stockholm at KTH, and before that research director in Germany at IFRA, Nils Enlund now spends his emeritus days in Finland as chief editor for a scientific magazine, Next Media's academic coordinator and is a member of the Board for the Media Industry Research Foundation of Finland. ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 ambitions of the academic world is no easy task. As academic coordinator of the Next Media program, I have been able to observe this tightrope act at a close distance. And yes, it has been successful. Since the program was originally intended to primarily serve the industry, it has sailed a course closer to Scylla than to Charybdis and has produced many concrete, useful results that have the potential to strengthen the Finnish media industry. Moreover it has also resulted in a number of high-level scientific publications and academic theses as well as in initiatives for further research and collaboration. It has been good sailing. ?? 75

THEME TEACHING colleges take advantage of next media Aalto University students evaluate tablet heuristics for children's e-books. Peter Bagge from Otava was following the work. Teaching new skills Cooperation between academic researchers and business does not only benefit business community and research efforts. Research questions relevant to business projects have also provided information that is valuable in higher education teaching. Much of the most useful research can also lead to dissertation work. ?M  erja Helle, Aalto ARTS; Matti Rossi, Aalto BIZ; Esa Sirkkunen, UTA COMET The aim of universities and colleges is to train professionals so that they are in command of the latest knowledge available. Because Next Media's work includes all the major Finnish media companies and also consists of future-oriented research, universities will also benefit in their teaching from the information on new media gained from the research results. These results have also played an important part in the appearance of new courses and teaching mate76 ? rials at places like Aalto ARTS, at the COMET unit of the University of Tampere and Aalto BIZ. It is also important to note the way that such projects make it possible for researchers to work together – and this has been very much in evidence during Next Media. For example, the Aalto ARTS courses in 3D film production arose with support from the Aalto University School of Science. Graphic artist tablet design professionals In Aalto ARTS the results of Next Media programme have provided new opportunities for digital publishing courses. The eReading lab- oratory provides equipment and hundreds of applications for media companies to use in service and product development. The visual side of digital publications and their usability are key issues in their design and development. The problem for media companies is that there are not enough graphic designers who understand the specific nature of touch-screen devices – namely the media properties, visualisation issues and user experience involved. For this reason Aalto ARTS has started courses for graphic artists interested in designing digital publications and testing user experience. The first courses began in spring of 2012 and the ‘Publication design for emerging platforms’ courses are a completely new education programme. These courses – focusing on publication design for e-reading devices – have been planned and carried out by Next Media researcher ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

THEME TEACHING and graphic artist Harri Heikkilä. The courses were attended by about fifty students, mostly future graphic artists. The courses are divided into three parts: design characteristics and principles of good practice for touch-screen devices, practical publication design for different technologies, and publication assessment. The components are largely based on the experience gained and methods developed in the Next Media project. The courses both evaluated and developed publications for Otava, Keskipohjanmaa magazine, WSOY, Sanoma Magazines Finland and Kaleva. The aim has been to give graduate graphic designers the basic tablet publication design skills from the widest possible perspective. One of the main aims of the course was for students to learn to work in a platform-independent way, and the importance of navigation and usability in new publications such as e-books and dynamic newspapers was taught. Study material on data journalism The University of Tampere's COMET research centre has published open learning material based on the results of the Next Media work on data journalism online. Journalism studies at university have also been extended to include data journalism related study modules. The material is freely available and intended for anyone who is interested – journalists, students and others interested in data processing, self-learning or as data journalism course support material. The material is also used for teaching data journalism at various universities and other educational establishments. The material follows data journalistic work processes: after the introduction it moves onto working with data step by step right up to the completed story. The material in each section contains a short introduction to the topics well as examples and links for self-study. The material also contains selected instructions from Finnish pioneers in data journalism, sources in English and other web resources. The material was collated and produced by Auli Harju. The education material is being used in teaching journalism at Tampere and Jyväskylä universities, in colleges and also on data journalism courses at Otava Folk High School. Data journalism course material is freely available to everyone at http://blogs.uta.fi/ datajournalismi. Open data used for teaching The Aalto University School of Business has studied business models based on open data in the Next Media Hyperlocal project. Open data research has been used on Master's and Doctoral degree pro- grammes at Aalto School of Business and at Hanken School of Economics. The open data business models identified during the project have been the subject of lectures on many courses, e.g on economic information and software business courses at Aalto University. At Hanken School of Economics, open data research has been used for the Master's degree level courses Databases and Decision Support Systems for Business. In addition, some of the theses produced during the project have been used as examples in seminars at both Aalto University and Hanken due to their high quality. Media as a living example The Department of Marketing at the Aalto University School of Business has been involved in researching new media consumer habits. Some of the marketing studies are based partly on this and a total of five courses with Next Media related content have been used in the study materials. Over 700 students have studied on the courses. The compulsory course on the basics of marketing for all students has used live case tasks based on media transformation. In addition the Business-to-Business marketing course has used media industry relations in order to better understand network-based business. n Aalto University School of Business analysis of open data business models. ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 ?? 77

THEME TEACHING Tablets in the classroom Teachers think that especially the speed, dexterity and mobility of the tablets in the classroom are great advantages over the conventional computer lab concept. The camera is also important. Tablets are interesting tools for educational use. In Espoo, primary school pupils experimented for a four-week period with Samsung Galaxy Tablet devices during English language lessons. Based on the experiments carried out in the Next Media project it was clear that both the pupils and the teachers have a positive attitude towards information technology and the utilisation of mobile devices. ?M  aija Federley Timo Kuula, VTT The isolation of IT from the rest of studying in hour long visits to separate computer classrooms feels unnatural for students. In their free time they have become used to using devices whenever they need them. Taking fast booting and easy to use tablets into class instead provides flexibility and better learning opportunities. The Internet is available, even if only for five minutes just for a specific task at hand. Easy and convenient The devices are easy to use and exciting for primary school pupils. These devices also encouraged children to 78 ? interact with one another – something that was visible in the way they helped and advised each other when using them. Using the tablets in different activities – such as making videos – also proved not only popular, but also an excellent way to improve the pupil's teamwork skills. The mobility of the devices in the classroom offers flexibility – making it easy for the teachers to take the pupil's different rates of progress into account, for example. The teachers interviewed emphasised the need to expand the learning environment to outside the school premises and into free time as well. Pupils can study many of the things that are now being taught during the school day independently with the assistance of technology. Room for improvement The efficient adoption of new technology is still based largely on individual teachers' knowledge and activity. The teachers should be involved more broadly with new technology and as early as possible in the design and experimentation. Teachers' perspectives of online and offline learning solutions was studied by interviewing 15 primary and secondary schools teachers. For them, the most important thing was the clarity, timeliness and reliability of the learning materials. Study materials are key Educational Publishers hold a central position in relation to e-learning. It's serves no purpose to put a tablet in your pupils' hands if all they can do is surf the Internet. Educational material in digital form, however, is expensive. The Finnish market is small and the spectrum of devices is wide. n ? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

THEME NEXT MEDIA ?E  skoensio Pipatti SHORT HISTORY Next Media 2009–2014 Next Media has been a research and development programme with no equivalent anywhere else in the world. All the major media companies, media technology companies and all leading media research organisations from one market area have joined forces to carry out pre-competitive, industrial research together. How has this been possible? Media research had been carried out in Finland before the Next Media project. In the 2000s media companies were sought to join technology research projects, but only to bring content to the gadgets under development. Projects were mostly lead by research institutions or technology companies, and they did not address media related research questions. SHOK funding model Towards the end of the 2000s funding from the industry led SHOK (Strategic Centres for Science, Technology and Innovation) programme was launched and Tivit (now called Digile) gave a huge boost to the media industry by providing the opportunity to carry out self-initiated research on the biggest issues facing media sector. Programmes from previous years had showed that the research pro? NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 grammes run by the mobile operators were not necessarily the most efficient solution, even though media and communications had been seen as areas with similar aims and needs. This led to the need to start a media focused research programme within the ICT SHOK company Tivit. The Federation of the Finnish Media Industry (Finnmedia) have actively promoted development in the media industry and with Finnmedia playing a key role in Next Media with the launch of the strategic research for the media sector in 2008. In the industry strategy, companies jointly formed a vision of the future for the industry and the required steps towards radical change. The first report completed was, ‘Drivers for Change in the Media Industry’ and finally the actual strategy for the sector was published under the title ‘Strategies of the Finn- ish media sector’ in the spring of 2009. Soon, companies under the leadership of Finnmedia launched the preparation of the research agenda for the media focused programme. It was at this stage that the programme acquired the name Next Media. Tough demands The next phase was to sell the idea to Tivit, which was not easy, because Tivit had very high requirements for its programmes. After several rounds of negotiation Tivit's Board finally approved the Next Media programme in December 2009. This decision was soon followed by similar recognition from Tekes - with Next Media receiving its first funding for in April 2010. Media companies' interest in the Next Media project was widespread. While making the first project plans, the management team received over 30 proposals for research projects. Funding levels for the first year were significantly lower than planned - so much so, in fact, that over half over the proposals had to ?? 79

THEME NEXT MEDIA be set aside. In the final plan the 11 proposals perceived as the most important were given the green light. The project work involved 44 companies out of the 60 who would have liked to participate. 24 of these were SMEs. At the outset there were 11 research organisations involved. Funding increases As Next Media's work gathered pace, Tivit – the driving force behind Next Media – was so impressed that it increased its funding. Next Media's funding rose from 3.8 million euros in the first year to 5 million euros in the second year – and to 5.5 million euros in the year three. New structure In 2011, it was percieved that by having 11 separate projects, Next Media's work appeared somewhat fragmented. As a result, the projects were grouped into three project clusters. In 2012, Next Media was structured around the following three clustered business areas: eReading, Personal Media Day and Hyperlocal. Pre-competitive cooperation has continued in the Next Media project and the programme has developed processes for cooperation. This is seen in the way that sub-projects are small ecosystems of enterprises and research institutions, and work package seminars provide a means for high level forms of cooperation and dissemination of results. In 2010, the eReading project started from absolute zero: not a single commercial publication was available for any reading devices. The research carried out by Next Media, together with the testing of the prototypes and the experiences gained with new information technology and media – have inspired companies to publish hundreds of newspapers and magazines as services for digital terminals. There are now over 2,500 eBook titles. In the Hyperlocal project, HS Kaupunkilehdet (now called Metro) concluded that the use of resources could be reduced by 30% thanks to the new research results. Metro belongs to the largest newspaper Next Media's structure 2010-2011. More than 30 proposed projects had to be reduced to a final eleven for the project. The work packages were formed from the four research themes. 80 Next Media's management team enjoys a glass of sparkling wine after Tekes announced funding for Next Media. Pictured from left Eskoensio Pipatti, Anu Kankainen, Caj Södergård and Pirkko Oittinen. Olli Kuusisto behind the camera. chain in the world and the new practices have found a foothold overseas, including in Montreal and Prague. The story continues ... SHOK programmes typically last for four years. Next Media's story does not end there. Finland's experienced consortium is in the process of building Nordic Next Media, which will involve collaboration between Swedes, Norwegians and Danes. Elsewhere collaboration is happening with the newspaper organisation WAN-IFRA where we are broadening our cooperation on a European level. n In 2012 and 2013 Next Media's rogramme structure crystallized into three business project areas, or work packages, and the number of research themes decreased to three. NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014

THEME AIHEEN NIMI TÄHÄN TULEE e-book know-how from Finland E-books for libraries powered by Finnish know-how. For tablets, mobile phones and computer screens. Largest e-book collection in Finland since 2002 NEXT MEDIA 2010–2014 81

NEXT MEDIA 2010-2014 A digital eDocker version of this publication can be found at www.nextmedia.fi /magazine or by using the QR-code below. : m fo o in r.c e ke or c M .edo w w w Digital Emotions Publishing industry is going digital extremely quickly. More and more people are looking for digital reading experiences. Profit ? Quality of reading experience Digital consumers are looking for interaction, rich media and usability. Choose a reading experience over replicas by taking a step forward with eDocker! Be a Frontrunner! We are looking for visionary partners to participate in the Digital Publishing Revolution. If you are interested, please go to www.edocker.com/nextmedia/index.html to get more information. Or, use the QR-code to the right. DIGILE OY Digital Print Replicas are poor imitations of printed versions of a work and clearly a step backward! High Low WWW.NEXTMEDIA.FI/MAGAZINE Do you want to improve your business?